ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﻹﻓﺘﺎءﻭﺃﺻﻮلهﺎﺑينﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ-ﺍلمﺠﻠﺲﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭبيﻟﻺﻓﺘﺎءﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙنمﻮﺫﺟﺎ-

This master's thesis explores the concept of ifta in Islamic law, its perception among Muslims in Europe, and its practical application through the European Council for Fatwa and Research. The first part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of ifta, defining the term linguistically and within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. It distinguishes ifta from other areas of Islamic sciences, elucidating its foundational principles, application processes, and the conditions required for its issuance. The second part captures opinions on the significance, role, and relevance of ifta for muslims in Europe through a non-representative survey, with a particular focus on Germany. The survey investigates the extent of engagement with ifta among European muslims, assessing whether having a connection to Islamic law is important to them and if there is a perceived need for Ifta. The findings indicate that ifta and Fatwa hold significant importance for muslims in Europe. The final part of the thesis examines the European Council for Fatwa and Research, which is recognized as the leading and effective authority on ifta' in Europe. The Council's activities encompass all European countries without being restricted to any specific nation. It details the institution's unique methodology, particularly the principle of Fiqh al-Aqalliyat (jurisprudence of minorities), and critically examines two well-known fatwas issued by the council. This analysis highlights the importance of the fiqh of minority approach for fatwas in Europe and reveals that fatwa institutions in Europe are not well known, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and education. By bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application, this thesis provides insights into the role and perception of ifta among European muslims while highlighting the operational nuances of a significant ifta institution in Europe. The study shows that ifta and fatwa are important for muslims in Europe and underscores the necessity for better understanding and dissemination of information about fatwa institutions in Europe.