Reforms in the period of II. Mahmut

ABSTRACTMaster ThesisReforms in the period of II. MahmutRuveyda Nida YILDIRIMThe University Of FiratSocial Sciences InstituteMain Science Baranch Of Islamic History2006, Page: VIII+88The opinion of Mahmut II was that reform of European style had to be carriedout for The Ottoman State to regain its previous power. In the lines of this intention,changes occurred in almost all institutions.After the assassination of Selim III, the Nizam-ı Cedit forces dispersed and theSekban-ı Cedit Ocağı was set in its place. This force was soon eliminated with therebelry of the Yeniçeri forces. Sixteen years after this, the force Eşkinci Ocağı wasfounded. This force was also dispersed by the rebelry of the Yeniçeri forces. This timeMahmut II considered that the Yeniçeri force were an obstacle in their way ofdevelopment and decided to remove it. He founded the Asakir-i Mansure-iMuhammediye forces.Sultan Mahmut made revisions in the managing and judicial area, and releasedthe public services by removing the confiscation method which spoilt the concept ofpublic services. A division of labor on a wide scale was carried out in the stateorganisation; various parliaments and departments were founded. In modern sense, thefirst population census and the listing of properties was realised, the taxes which had tobe paid by the citizens were booked fort he first time. The Law for Outfits which was animportant turning point was released for the first time in the history of Turkey. The postdepartment was founded, and passports were used for international journeys. Heremoved the ?ayans? which almost became semi- independent, let the authority of thestate dominate, and the governors were ruled with a central system.He made certain revisions in the national education; the primary educationbecame obligatory, and a lot of new schools were made. The first official newspaperwas edited in the age of Sultan Mahmut, in this age students were sent to Europe for thefirst time.The first modern hospital was founded, and with the release of new trends, thequarantine method was approved for contagious diseases.All the revisions which were realised in the period of Mahmut II influenced theannouncement of the Tanzimat period.Key words: Mahmut II, Revision, Sekban-ı Cedit, Eşkinci Ocağı (force), Vak?a-iHayriye, Asakir-i Mansure Muhammediye, Parliament, Mektep (school), Takvim-iVekayi, Quarantine.