Problem-solving skills and perceived social support as predictors of relationship stability

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the predictive roles of individuals' social problem-solving skills and perceived social support on the stability of romantic relationships. Relationship stability in this research is conceptualized through four sub-dimensions: relationship satisfaction, investment in the relationship, attractiveness of alternatives, and commitment. Grounded in the Investment Model, this study integrates individual coping capacities (problem-solving abilities) with environmental psychosocial resources (perceived social support) to present a multidimensional understanding of relationship maintenance. Utilizing a correlational research design, the sample comprised 432 undergraduate students enrolled at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University during the Spring semester of the 2023–2024 academic year. Participants were selected through a combination of criterion and convenience sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria required individuals to be in a romantic relationship for at least six months. Data were collected through the Personal Information Form, the Investment Model Scale, the Social Problem-Solving Inventory – Short Form, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Both face-to-face and online survey methods were employed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. In the hierarchical regression models, problem-solving skills were entered first, followed by perceived social support, allowing for examination of the incremental variance explained by each predictor on the sub-dimensions of relationship stability. Findings indicated that both problem-solving skills and perceived social support were significantly associated with all sub-dimensions of relationship stability. Specifically, these variables were positively correlated with relationship satisfaction, investment, and commitment, and negatively correlated with the attractiveness of alternatives. Regression results confirmed that both predictors significantly accounted for variance in all four outcomes. Notably, perceived social support contributed independently to the models and emerged as a stronger predictor than problem-solving skills, particularly for satisfaction and commitment dimensions. These results suggest that romantic relationship stability is influenced not only by internal relational dynamics but also by individual psychological competencies and external support systems. While the findings support the original structure of the Investment Model, incorporating individual and contextual variables enhances the explanatory power of the model. Therefore, the study offers an extended, multidimensional framework for understanding relationship maintenance. From an applied perspective, the findings emphasize the importance of integrating interpersonal skills training and social support enhancement strategies in psychological counseling and family therapy practices. Particularly in university settings, intervention programs that strengthen young adults' coping skills and social networks may contribute to healthier and more enduring romantic relationships.