Impact of state and non-state actors on Israel's cybersecurity infrastructure and the law of international responsibility

This thesis explores the impact of state and non-state actors on Israel's cybersecurity realm, their influence on the country's cybersecurity framework, and case analysis within the context of the Law of International Responsibility. The study utilized qualitative document analysis methods to examine the historical evolution of these actors, their adaptation to cybersecurity environments, and their impact on Israel's current cybersecurity landscape. It reveals that the concept of national security, shaped by Zionist thinkers even before the establishment of Israel, and the innovation culture of Israeli citizens significantly influenced the development of the country's cybersecurity infrastructure. The study also highlighted the positive effects of collaboration between Israel's state cybersecurity agencies and private entities and the beneficial relationships established with international allies. The impact of Israel's training programs, which focus on cultivating elite personnel within the military system, strengthens both public and private sector collaborations in cybersecurity. An analysis has been conducted to assess the results of these programs on cybersecurity. The findings are evaluated under international law, and the Pegasus spyware operation associated with Israel is analyzed within the framework of Law of State Responsibility.