The implementations of Aman (Peaceful coexistence and mutual respect) theory and model in first Muslim Fatih of IslamicJerusalem (634–644 CE)

The world in the 21st century witnesses conflict, war, ethnic cleansing, and occupation as part of everyday life. Until now, the most common frameworks in conflict resolution have been dominated by the Western perspective. However, it is difficult to apply an outsider's perspective to resolving problems in circumstances involving different cultures, characteristics, and challenges. Therefore, a new dimension to conflict prevention and resolution is urgently required, especially provided by a non-Western perspective. El- Awaisi has founded a newly developed theory and model named Aman (peaceful coexistence and mutual respect) as an answer to this need; it represents a Muslim vision to establish Aman in a multicultural and multi-religious society. Nevertheless, this theory and model still requires further investigation regarding the application in a crucial historical period. Dedicated research on the theory and model on a region which has a history full of conflict such as Islamicjerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis/Beytulmakdis) would demonstrate the applicability of the theory. The first Muslim Fatih lead by Umar Ibn al- Khattab marked the historical and monumental change of Islamicjerusalem, thus it is important to examine whether Umar Ibn al-Khattab had successfully established Aman in the region as a multicultural society. The investigation and analysis of this research proves that the Aman theory and model were successfully applied by Umar Ibn al-Khattab in Islamicjerusalem during the first Muslim Fatih. Umar Ibn al-Khattab implemented the foundations of Aman based on the Quran and Sunnah and applied all the elements of Aman theory such as the Concept of Justice, Principle of Non-Exclusion, Methodology of Tadafu, Constructive Argumentation Methodology, and Preserving Human Dignity. The elements of the Aman model were also implemented in the era of Umar's caliphate in the form of Umar's vision, policy, and system in the region. Keywords: Islamicjerusalem, Muslim Fatih, Aman Theory, Aman Model, Multiculturalism, Conflict Resolution