Design management and design management applications in construction projects from the point of view of the project management

Today, the construction sector has developed considerably. Professional construction management begins to turn into a driving force for the change of traditional systems. Especially to better manage the design process. Structures are becoming more and more complex from day to day, and with it, cost reduction, time and quality have become even more important. The effect of all these on the design process can not be negated. It is seen in many examples that the design process becomes more complicated and difficult to manage. In order for the construction projects to be successful, it is aimed to provide all the parameters of quality, cost, time and finish these parameters without sacrificing them. In many projects, especially when the construction phase is over, lags and cost increases are faced and projects are failing with concessions as a precaution. If the problems encountered during the construction phase are examined, it is likely that most of them are due to deficiencies and / or errors due to the design process. This has led to the necessity of working and taking precautions to improve the design process. The nature of the design process is complex and becomes increasingly complex with groving expert knowledge. Today, the design process includes a wide range of participants from a wide range of organizations. Experienced architectural organizations can also have difficulty managing this process and are able to publish false information to project stakeholders at the wrong time. Not only the development of the design process and expertise, but also the construction process has changed and developed. Traditional systems have left their place to new technological construction methods. This requires people to adapt to a different process from the process they are familiar with. This forces designers to stress that all details must be solved in the design phase. Everything must be considered in advance. In any place where there is a design process, there has to be a management process that runs parallel to the success of the design. As it is common in many projects today, the process is left to the management of the architects and coordinated by the various disciplines and architects involved in the project. But as the projects became more complex, the number of project stakeholders increased and the management of the process became more difficult. Due to the design focus of architectural education, design management activities have begun to be ineffective by architects. Similarly, due to design-oriented training, the problem has arisen that designers are away from the site and produce improperly constructed designs. In order to avoid this situation, the need for expertise has been born to create healthier solutions to the increasingly complex projects, and a large number of consultants have begun to participate in the design process to create feasible designs. In the meantime, the identity of the design director has begun to disappear in this multiple structure, while the knowledge of design has been transformed into manufacturing drawings with the participation of many expert designers (consultants) before the knowledge of design has arrived to site. For this reason, as a separate project stakeholder independent of the architectural offices during the project process, the design management team has begun to be involved. It can be said that the understanding of design management has changed dimension and hand because of all these developments. According to today's design management approach, the aim of design management is to ensure that projects are completed in time, at targeted quality and cost, taking into consideration all parties' expectations. The aim is never to just meet the needs of the employer or to finish the project at the least cost, or just in time but without the other requirements being met. Design management is to achieve harmony among all elements like an orchestra maestro. The difference of design management from the orchestra maestro is that their scope is far more than just teaching what they will do to the parties in the process. Design management is a discipline that produces value for itself rather than telling the parties what to do and approving the deliveries. Design management in Turkey is a new discipline that is still developing. In many projects, due to their small size, this service still continues to be given by architectural offices as it is being used. However, in the last 10 years, there has been a large increase in the purchase of design management services, and awareness of the contribution of the design management service to the projects has begun to be noticed as employers become conscious. It is experienced that the number of large-scale projects in which the design management service is procured are getting increased. Due to the fact that design management is an emerging discipline, few studies have been conducted on the subject in our country and there are few sources in the literature. Most of the resources available are not those of today's design management philosophy, but are the work of design managers in the design team that are currently involved in design offices. The development of the design management discipline as a service provided by the project management offices should be supported by academic studies and the service should be maintained in a healthy infrastructure in our country. In this study, design management is considered from the point of view of the project management team. It has been observed in Turkey that although the project management has been started to be recognized, it has been included in the projects in the late stages, it is preferable for the control service to be taken at the construction stage after the completion of the design and it is not noticed by the employer how comfortable it will be to get design management services in the early stages of design process for the whole project process. There are very few project management offices in our country that fulfill this service professionally. The design management service in these offices needs to be supported and developed by the foreign literature that is richer in experience than our country. It has also been observed that, in the course of providing the service, the applications are incidentally carried out with the personal experience of the administrators of the office. In this sense, supporting the design management service in our country with the literature will contribute to the professionalization of this discipline and the formation of standard procedures. In this sense, the primary aim of the study is to try to grabb the lack of existing literature on design management in Turkey by making use of foreign sources. Secondly, it is aimed in this study to reflect how the subject is discussed in the private sector in Turkey, and how and by which means the design management is implemented by the examples of the project which is the subject of the case analysis.Case study analysis shows how the design process influences the design stage and post-process of the project when the design management is included in the project process. In this respect, it is aimed to raise awareness of employers and other project stakeholders about the awareness of the benefits of taking this service at the earliest stage of design. The second and third sections of the study consist of literature searches. In the second part, the definition of design concept, design structure, characteristics and design processes are explained in order to understand design management application in detail. What is design management, why design management should be conducted, what are the processes of design management, what roles are involved in a construction project, what are the responsibilities of project parties, from the perspective of design management and the responsibilities of the design management of the parties, answers were sought. In the third part of the study, which constitutes the second step of the literature survey, these actions have been investigated by explaining in detail the actions of the design management activities in terms of project management organization abroad. Design management actions are related to the design processes and are explained by separating perspective points and responsibilities of the project participants. Some design management tools, which have been used in projects abroad and seem to be beneficial, have been described in order to make the design management application efficient. In the previous studies in Turkey, there was no design management review on the project within the scope of the private sector with the view of project management discipline, for the reason of that, in the fourth part of the study, with the 4-years of design management experience obtained by working in one of Turkey's leading project management companies and by the examination of the project which is included as a part of the design management team, design management applications are explained with the aim of grabbing the lack of literature. Thus, how the design management service has been provided in Turkey with the point of the view of project management discipline and how the actions are realized is directly revealed by the tools used in this project. This project, which is examined in the study, is a high-rise residence project which is realized by the traditional construction method in which the project management firm is included in the project after the concept phase of the design, during the preliminary project period when the design is still continuing and the design management service is still available. In this project which lasted for 1.5 years, the project management firm gave construction management service for a certain period during the construction phase after the design process. In this way, it was possible to receive a review of the feedback of the services provided during the design management phase. Problems encountered during the implementation of the project and originated from the design stage could be identified and lucrative findings could be obtained in order to develop design process management models. Feedback is reflected in the comments under the headings of the relevant design management tools applied during the design phase. As a result of the study, it has been determined that design management is an indispensable discipline in order to be able to successfully complete the implementation processes of construction projects. It has been determined that unmanaged designs cause cost increases in time of application, loss of time and changes in projects, and production in low standards and concessions in quality. Due to the unconsciousness of the employers, it has been witnessed that, the design management service is delayed in incorporating the process and by the service reception in untreated times of design, projects are deprived of the main benefits of design management. Another finding of the study is that the concept of design management in our country is integrated around the practice of providing employment to the employer. For this reason, we have been noticed that we are confronted with a design management concept that is far from the goals of project management and design management, which aims to benefit the project without any stakeholder's private benefit. Another finding of the study is that the purpose of making the designs become buildable which are one of the main objectives of design management is not fulfilled in our country. The reason for this is that the discipline is still new and is still not adopted by all the project participants and the reactions of the main designers to the design managers' design interventions. Another important reason is that the experience of the staff of the teams is insufficient due to the fact that the design management discipline is not yet effective as it should be. As experienced design managers who are familiar with the construction and understand the nature of the design have developed, it is anticipated that this problem will arise. It is also expected that, in the course of the coming years, design management will become much more beneficial and evolve, as design management becomes aware of the importance by all project parties and the resistance they have to providing this service disappears.