Investigation of diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors with type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in Karbala city

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors in Karbala, Iraq. Examine 148 participants (in which was 77 (52.02 % men) and 71 (47.97 % women) participants, from these participants was 108 (72.97 %) patients with Diabetic. There was diagnosed in 19 (12.83) patients with diabetic nephropathy in which 13 (68.42 % men) and 6 (31.57 % women). While healthy group (Controls group) was 40 (20.02 %) . ADA and DN clinical diagnosis were utilized to distinguish different forms of diabetes and classified into T1DM, DN and T2DM. The study indicated that sugar greatly affects patients, which leads to their transformation into diabetes accompanied by nephropathy. According to our study statistics, the most important risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in the population of diabetic nephropathy in Karbala include length of diabetes, serum creatinine, neuropathy, high RBS, age over 45, hyperlipidemia, HbA1c, and insulin hormone, in that order, among others. Type 1 diabetes risk factors include high serum creatinine, neuropathy, high RBS, hyperlipidemia, and low serum HDL, but type 2 diabetes risk factors are limited to long-term diabetes, age above 45 years, and men gender in women over 45 years.