Investigation of the effect of next generation 5G radiofrequency radiation on rat cytokine levels and bone development

At the present time, technological systems show are developing at an incredible speed and continuously. Since the new technological devices consider the adaptation in the mid band range 5G, 6 GHz RF-EMF were used in the present study. Our study consists of two stages. First stage we aimed to investigate the possible effects of 6 GHz (0.083 W/kg SAR) RF-EMF on the immune system. This stage 10 Wistar Albino male rats were used weights range between 250-300g. Before RF-EMF applications, blood samples were collected from all rats by cardiac puncture method (2cc). These rats were selected as the control groups (0.day). The same rats, after 4 day adaptation period by placing in the special application cage were exposed to the 6 GHz RF-EMF application for 4 hour/day during 6 weeks. After RF-EMF applications, blood samples (2cc) were re-collected from the same rats. These rats were selected as the radiofrequency radiation (RFR) groups (42.day). Blood samples both of the groups worked at the same day. Flow cytometric analysis in which annexin-V kit used, was performed to determine the percentage the ratio of viable cell, the early apoptotic cell, the late apoptotic and necrotic cell. Plasma was separated of the blood samples. Pro-inflammatory (TNF-, IFN-) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine levels were measured by using the ELISA method. In the second stage of our study, 10 Wistar Albino adult female and 8 male rats were used for bone development. Study rats were divided into control and three exposure groups that consist of 2 male and 2/3 female. The control was not RF-EMF exposure. 6 GHz (0.054 W/kg SAR) RF-EMF was applied to the exposure groups for 4 hours/day during 6 weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, all groups were performed pregnancy procedures. On the 18 th days of the gestational period, two pregnant rats from each of groups were sacrificed under anesthesia and taken all fetus. parietal-parietal, occipital-frontal, head-tail lengths were measured in all fetus. Morever, all bones of the anterior and posterior extremities were calculated by using Imagej program in 20 fetus in each of group to evaluate ossification. The ratio of % viable cells were increased this difference was statistically significant. The ratio of % cells in the early apoptotic and necrotic decreased statistically significant and the ratio of % cells in the late apoptotic were no statistically meaningful differences by compared to between groups. In addition to after RF-EMF application, there was a statistically significant increase in plasma levels of TNF- and IFN-, while were not detected statistically significant increase in plasma levels IL-4 and were no statistically significant decrease on plasma levels IL-10. Bone development in all fetus was increased statistically significantly in the groups exposed to RF-EMF application compared to the control group. Consequently, 6 GHz RF-EMF emitted from new generation 5G systems, which is likely to enter our lives in the near future, were detected a positive effects on the immune system and bone development. Key words: 6 GHz RF- EMF, rat, blood, cytokine, fetus, bone.