Rights and responsibilities of prepubescent children in Islamic law

The issue of children's rights and responsibilities occupies a central place in Islamic legal thought, not only in terms of the protection of individual rights but also in the context of maintaining social order. The rights granted to the fetus during pregnancy, the rights recognized after birth, and the responsibilities assigned to the child in accordance with their age all aim to safeguard the best interests of the child. According to Islamic law, a child is not only entitled to various rights but is also considered an individual who bears certain responsibilities. In this regard, Islamic law not only extensively addresses children's rights, but also takes into account the child's developmental stage, level of comprehension, and phase of childhood, thereby assigning legal responsibilities accordingly. This study, titled rights and responsibilities of prepubescent children in ıslamic law consists of a preface, an introduction, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction covers the subject and purpose of the research, the methodology used, sources of the study, a historical overview of children's rights, a discussion on children's rights in the modern era and childhood stages The first chapter addresses the stages of childhood in Islamic law, the rights granted to the fetus, and the rights afforded to children after birth. The second chapter examines the concept of legal capacity (ahliyya), its types, and delves into the responsibilities of children before reaching puberty within the framework of Islamic law. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the rights and responsibilities granted to children within the Islamic legal system support the child's individual development and encourage their upbringing with a sense of social responsibility.