Examination of the interior decorations of modern mosques in İstanbul in terms of traditional turkish islamic decorative arts

EXAMINATION OF THE INTERIOR DECORATIONS OF MODERN MOSQUES IN ISTANBUL IN TERMS OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH ISLAMIC DECORATIVE ARTS The objective of this study is to examine interior decorations of contemporary mosques constructed in Istanbul in the 20th century as regards the traditional Turkish-Islamic decorative arts. The art of calligraphy, Islamic geometrical ornamentations, herbal motifs, timber ornamentation art of kundekari, art of tile, art of pencil work, art of stained glass, art of illumination, network cage ornamentation, stone workmanship and ornamentation samples from Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubi, Fatimid, Andalusian, Seljuk and Ottoman state periods were collected after examining and categorized and put into an order. Types of decorations were examined in the first part; it was observed after examining that calligraphy has been dedicated only to writing Holy Quran in the first century of Islam and started with usage of kufic type and over time various calligraphy styles were utilized such as rayhani, thuluth, nesih, tevqi, riq'ah, ta'liq, diwani, celi diwani, riq'a, nasta'liq, siyaqat, tugra, fermans, mirror and celi writing have been utilized. We observed that Islamic geometric ornamentation was applied in two kinds of works as arabesque ornamentation and geometrical ornamentation, and over time that they were divided as ornamentations with vegetative and animal motifs. It was observed after examining that timber ornamentation art of kundekari, until today, was made in two forms as completely pounding, gluing and pounding, and embossed kundekari. It was observed after examining that tile decoration arts, at the beginning were divided as herbal and symbolic motifs and over time they were divided as babanakkaş style, saz (reed) style, naturalist style, hatayi (Alexandretta) style, haliç (golden horn) style , blue-white group style, Damascus work style and Miletus work style. It was observed after examining that plaster stucco ornaments were divided in three groups as scraping technique, openwork technique, and malachari technique. It was observed after examining that there are 7 types of pencil works as pencil works on plaster, pencil works on stone, pencil works on marble, pencil works on wood, pencil works on cloth, pencil works on leather and malachari work technique. It was observed after examining that stained glass and glass ornamentations were divided into various types such as leaded stained glass, tiffany stained glass (copper foil stained glass), mosaic glued stained glass, painting stained glass, fusion stained glass, matting (sanding) technique, deep engraving technique, breakout technique, acid technique and plaster stained glass. The ornamentation of illumination which has been used in small amounts in the architectural ornamentation has been examined. Network and lattice ornaments were examined together with samples of works produced. Types of stone work ornamentations have been examined and muqarnas has been examined by sparing a special part for it. In the second part, the ornamentations of mosque architecture are examined; Ornamental areas in traditional mosque architecture which are dome, altar, pulpit, minaret, sermon of preaching, women's area, narthex, courtyard and fountain sections were examined by explaining with examples. In the third part, ornamentations of contemporary mosques detected through us have been examined as regards their decorative arts and architectural ornamentation; To this end, six mosques were selected in Istanbul which were Şakirin Mosque, Yeşil Vadi (Green Valley) Mosque, Marmara İlahiyat (Divinity School) Mosque, Kozyatağı Mehmet Çavuş Mosque, Ataşehir Medine Mescidi Mosque and Esenyurt Bilal Habeşi Mosque, and these structures were examined as regards their Turkish-Islamic decorative arts and architectural ornamentations applied to them. As a result, it was tried to compare the Turkish-Islamic ornamentation arts and architectural ornamentation areas by comparing them with contemporary mosques in our thesis study.