Karakoyunlu ruler Dark Yusuf and his era (1389-1420)

Qaraqoyunlu Ruler Kara Yusuf and His Period (1389-1420) In this thesis, the period of Kara Yusuf (1390-1420), the third ruler and the founder of Qarakoyunlu State, was evaluated. The Karakoyunlu people migrated from Central Asia upon the Mongol attacks and settled in Eastern Anatolia, Azerbaijan and Iraqi-Arab geography. Qaraqoyunlu state is a Turkmen State. The first founder is Bayram Hodja. After Bayram Hodja, his nephew Kara Mehmet became the leadership of the Qaraqoyunlu State. After Kara Mehmet's death, Kara Yusuf, who made Qaraqoyunlu State into a state, came to power. Because of his bravery and courage, he was known as Kara, and he gained fame among the Qaraqoyunlu rulers for his boldness and struggle. During Kara Yusuf period, Karakoyunlu people have attracted attention with their success in wars. Especially their successes against the Timurids are remarkable. Kara Yusuf took refuge in the Ottoman Empire against the threat of Timur. This asylum incident was shown as one of the reasons of the Ankara War between Timur and Yıldırım Bayezid. Kara Yusuf battled with Kara Yülük Osman and Mutahharten in his period. Kara Yusuf, who put an end to Mardin Artuklu State and Sultan Ahmet Celayir State, died in Ucan in 1420 while preparing for a great war with Shahruh, one of the Timurid leaderships. The studies examining the Kara Yusuf period, which has an important place in Turkish history, were quite limited due to insufficient resources and could not be enlightened as necessary. The outstanding research works and thesis studies on this subject are as follows: Aka, İsmail, The Turkmen Domination in Iran: The Period of Qaraqoyunlu, Arayancan, Ayşe Atıcı, Karakoyunlu rulers Cihanşah and his period (Politics, Governance, Economics, Religion, Culture) 1438-1467, Erzi, Adnan Sadık, "Researches on the History of Aqqoyunlu and Qaraqoyunlu", Erdem, İlhan, Uyar, Mustafa, "Qaraqoyunlu State: Their arise and origin", Sümer, Faruk, Qaraqoyunlu State (From The Beginning to Cihanşah). Although Karakoyunlu State is described in these studies, the period of Kara Yusuf was not examined in detail. It was not tried to enlighten the period of Kara Yusuf directly. For this reason, the Kara Yusuf period has been examined in detail with this thesis which belongs to the period of Kara Yusuf, which has an important place in terms of history and personality. In this thesis, some discoveries were found that Kara Yusuf and Qaraqoyunlu people, while Timurids invaded all Asia, were hopes of Turkmens, although Kara Yusuf said that he was a Turkmen, but he remained almost dependent on İlhanlı and Celayirli's in terms of political traditions. Keywords: Karakoyunlu State, Bayram Hodja, Kara Mehmet, Kara Yusuf, Ahmet Celayir, Timur, Bayezid, Şahruh.