Presence of Nosemosis, distribution and determination of factors in honeybees in Kastamonu

Abstract: Within the scope of this master thesis, the presence of, disease agents, tried to determine the geographic distribution of Nosemosis (Nosematosis) in Kastamonu. Field surveys were carried out in designated areas in the province of Kastamonu for two-month period in 2012. The samples are collected from fields which distance between to be at least 500m. The samples were randomly selected from beekeepers which will not change the location of the colonies. In the study samples were collected from a total of nine localities in Kastamonu province. Total of 1,210 samples were collected from the designated areas. Collected samples were brought to Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, and disease agents were investigated. The data obtained from this study were evaluated using SPSS statistic program. According to the statistical assessments infection rate were found to be 42% in Abana district in 2012. In the same year, Nosemosis infection rate found to be in Araç district 6.93%, in Azdavay district 19.86%, in Bozkurt district 3.64%, while infection rate were found to be in Devrekani district 6.80% and in İnebolu district 4.85%. In 2012, the district and the lowest infection rates have seen in Cide the Centre district of Kastamonu and the highest infection rate was found in Abana the district. As a result of the relationship between height and Nosema disease found to be in the Abana and Araç districts, infection rate in the areas with low altitude is higher than the in the areas of high altitude and in the Devrekani and İnebolu districts, infection rate in the areas with high altitude is higher than the in the areas of low altitude. The statistical link between the rate of infection and altitude has not been established in Kastamonu Central, Azdavay and Bozkurt districts. In Abana district, the relationship between the higher relative humidity and the rate of infection has not been established. Although Cide has 91% relative atmospheric humidity, infection was not found. Despite the low relative humidity in Cide Abana, Araç, Azdavay, Bozkurt Devrekani, İnebolu districts, infection have been identified. In Pınarbaşı and Central district of Kastamonu the infection wasn?t observed. A link between infection and the temperature wasn?t established with statistically. Infection was detected in 63 of 645 bees were collected in September. So for the month of September, the infection rate 9.77% respectively. Infection was detected in 105 of 565 bees were collected in October. So for the month of October, the infection rate was determined as 18.58%. In October, the infection rate is higher compared to September. Key Words: Kastamonu, Nosema spp, Nosemosis disease, Apis mellifera, Mikrosporidia, Turkey