Evaluation of the negative image of Islam in terms of kalâm epistemology

This study aims to demonstrate that the negative image of Islam in the contemporary world is shaped not only by external factors, but also by internal misrepresentations originating within Muslim societies themselves. By excluding media and political discourse, the focus is placed on how Muslims, through religious ignorance, cultural deviations, superstitions, false beliefs, and discriminatory practices particularly toward women represent Islam in a manner that deviates significantly from its original essence. The profound contradiction between the universal values presented by the Qur'an and the Sunnah such as justice, compassion, equality, and morality and these misguided practices contributes both to the misperception of Islam in the external world and the rise of Islamophobia. The presentation of discriminatory behavior toward women, superstitious practices, and formalist understandings of religion as religiously legitimate leads to alienation from religion among individuals within the Muslim world and reinforces perceptions of Islam as an oppressive and outdated system in the eyes of outsiders. The study emphasizes the necessity of returning to authentic sources, combating superstitions, promoting critical religious education, and adopting an ethics-based approach to religious representation in order to overcome these negative portrayals. It is asserts that a conscious and authentic representation of Islam will not only ensure internal peace within Muslim communities but will also serve as the most effective tool in combating Islamophobia.