Effect of preoperative video education on pain, anxiety and knowledge level in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass greft surgery

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of video education on pain, anxiety, and knowledge levels of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The sample of this randomized controlled study, conducted between September 5 and December 20, 2023, consisted of 42 patients hospitalized in cardiovascular surgery inpatient unit of Başkent University Ankara Hospital undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to coronary artery disease. Participants were assigned to either intervention (n=21) or control group (n=21) by simple randomization via sealed opaque envelope method. Data were collected with patient information form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and knowledge level assessment form. STAI-I was applied to the patients in both groups immediately before the education about surgery process, immediately afterwards education, and on the third day of surgery. APAIS was completed immediately before and after the education about surgical process was given to the patients in both groups. VAS pain assessment was performed at 24th, 48th and 72nd hours after surgery. Patients in the intervention group were given video-education created from educative material about surgical process prior to surgery. Patients in the control group received the same education verbally, prior to surgery. Chi-square test was used to analyze nominal data. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate within-group change in mean scores of variables, and t-test was used for between-group changes. Effect size was calculated with Cohen's d. Within-group change in mean scores of STAI-I over time was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It was determined that VAS mean scores of both groups gradually decreased at three time-point after surgery, but this decrease was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the change in mean scores of VAS between groups over time was found to have medium effect size (d = 0.59. The change in mean APAIS total score (p=0.05), APAIS total anxiety subscale (p=0.02), and APAIS surgical anxiety subscale score (p=0.02) between groups over time was statistically significant. It was observed that the knowledge levels of patients in intervention group were significantly higher after education (p = 0.04). This difference was found to have a medium effect size (d = 0.645). As the result, although video education did not significantly lower pain level of patients, it was found that this decrease had a moderate effect size and was effective in decreasing preoperative anxiety. Video education was found effective in increasing knowledge level.