The effect of treadmill exercise on neuronal apoptosis in epilepsy

Aim: The aim of the thesis to determine the PTZ ignition Model experimental effects on neuronal cells by examining the effects of short, intermediate and long duration treadmill exercise in rats by using histological methods. The levels of Bcl2, Caspase3 and Bax, which are known to be effective in apoptosis in the brain due to epileptic discharges, were analyzed together. Material and Method: 96 albino Wistar male rats were randomly divided into eight categories as control groups, which are; PTZ control, short exercise, PTZ + short exercise, intermediate exercise, PTZ+ intermediate exercise, long duration exercise and PTZ + long duration exercise. Before starting the exercise program, PTZ control, PTZ short exercise, PTZ+intermediate exercise, and PTZ+long duration exercise groups were observed for 30 minutes by intraperitoneally administering 35 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol three days a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) in order to create a model of ignition in experimental animals, and they were scored based on the study of Fisher and Kittner. After the ignition occurred, treadmill exercise protocol was applied for all exercise groups for five days a week, total of 13 weeks. Immediately after the protocols were completed, the brain tissues of the rats were removed and positively stained cells in CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 regions and dentate gyrus (DG) regions were counted in the hippocampus. Results: As a result of the study, a statistically significant difference was obtained in Kaspas3 and Tunel staining. Caspase3 enzyme level was found to be highly significant in the PTZ+intermediate exercise group compared to the control, PTZ control, short exercise, PTZ+short exercise and PTZ+long duration exercise group (p< 0.05). In addition, in the tunnel staining, PTZ+long duration exercise group was found to be highly significant compared to the control, PTZ control, short exercise, PTZ+short exercise and moderate exercise groups (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Low positivity in Bax, Caspase3 and Tunel staining and high positivity in Bcl2 in short exercise and PTZ+short exercise groups show us that apoptosis does not occur with short exercise. In general, it would not be wrong to say that short exercise has an anti-apoptotic structure. High positivity in Bax, Caspase3 and Tunel staining in PTZ+intermediate exercise and PTZ+long duration exercise groups shows that apoptosis occurs mostly with high and intermediate exercise. As a result, participation of individuals with epilepsy to short exercises will inhibit seizure-induced apoptosis.