Non-finite clauses with the -GAn suffix in Kipchak Turkic

The Turkic -GAn suffix is seen in a few examples in the Old Turkic period. It has become a multifunctional suffix that can be used in different syntactic environments in later periods. Modern Turkic languages are divided into two groups in terms of the use of suffixes. The first group uses the suffix in more than one syntactic environment. In the Kipchak Turkic, the -GAn suffix functions as a tense-aspect marker. It also functions as a derivational suffix. Its primary function, which is the subject of our study, is to be used as a subordinate clause marker. In Turkic languages, clauses that are syntactically dependent on a matrix clause are coded with certain suffixes. They have internal and external syntactic features. They also have certain semantic features. The study's first aim is to describe these features of the subordinate clauses formed with the suffix -GAn in Kipchak languages synchronically. Within the scope of the study, Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogai, Kyrgyz, Karay, Karachay-Balkarian, Kumyk, Tatar, and Bashkir is included in the study. On the other hand, the other group, which includes Turkish, uses the suffix in a limited area. This group has different functional equivalents for the suffix. Therefore, the second aspect of our study is to compare the functional equivalents in Kipchak languages and Turkish with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. Thus, we aim to determine the two groups' structural and semantic similarities and differences.