The fact of shādh in qirāʼāt science

At the beginning of the most discussed issues in the discipline of qirāʼāt, the "shādh qirāʼāt issue", which presents a dynamic structure with its meaning-based changes, content confusion, the quality of being a Qurʼān, and definition problems. The reason why the aforementioned qirāʼāts are so much discussed is that seven and ten qirāʼāts are accepted as ṣaḥīḥ (authentic), the rest of them are often rejected without question under the name of shādh qirāʼāt. For this reason, it has been determined as the main objective of the study to define and divide the shādh qirāʼāts correctly and to clarify the Qurʼānī qualities. In this direction, the concept of shādh; ıt is read in the light of linguistics, ḥadīth, fiqh and tafsīr disciplines, and its emergence in the historical process and its semantic transformation in the field of qirāʼāts are discussed chronologically. In addition, the effects of factors such as seven letters and dialect issues, taḥdīd (limitation) and classification activities, which lead to different definitions about shādh qirāʼāts, were examined. As a result of the research, it has been seen that it is a procedural error to evaluate the Qurʼānic quality of shādh qirāʼāts in the context of the common definition of the Qurʼān. The existence of those who have the qualifications of ḥasan (good) in terms of language, rhetoric and sanad (the Chain of Narrators of Qirāʼāt), and those who have three famous criteria but are not famous enough, shādh light on the partial acceptance of shādh qirāʼāts. As a result, it was understood that the definitions made about the shādh qirāʼāts could not meet the content of these qirāʼāts, so a "roof definition" was preferred as "those who are not sufficiently famous because of their rarity or exclusion from the majority". Shādh qirāʼāts that fall under this definition and contain the three criteria of ṣaḥīḥ qirāʼāts are "Maqbūl shādh" (accepted); those who were called shādh in the historical process and did not comply with one of the three famous criteria were subjected to compulsory division under the name of "Mardūd shādh" (rejection). Based on this definition, it has been concluded that among the positive negative views expressed on "the issue of prayer and the determination of shar'ī rulings with shādh qirāʼāts", which is the reflection of the effect of shādh qirāʼāts in Islamic law, those that are suitable for our shādh vision are valid, and those that are not appropriate are invalid.