Perception of national identity in the face of globalization

This thesis aims to examine the change in perceptions of national identity, which is a type of collective identity, caused by the economic, political and cultural effects of globalization. Globalization refers to an increase in the speed and intensity of mobility across borders. The influence area of the globalization process, which is experienced as a result of many historical factors, is very wide. The increasing power of international companies in economic activity, the intervention of regional and global supranational institutions such as the UN, EU, G-8, NAFTA in the sovereignty of the nation-state, and processes such as cultural homogenization and hybridization through mass media are indicators of this. Individuals have had numerous identities to date. Identity is the expression of what an individual is or is not. For this reason, both similarities and differences are emphasized in identity definitions. Throughout history, individuals have lived by taking part in a group and feeling a sense of belonging to a group. This need for security arises from many reasons, such as psychological needs, the desire to be a majority in an opinion, or to have the same cultural values. It is equally evident in a football fan group, a political party, or the will to live under a nation. Collective identities not only contribute to social integration, but are also a useful device in ensuring social order. Today, especially with the effect of social media, a cultural deformation is experienced and the sense of belonging is dissolved. The individualization process, which increases its severity with globalization, also affects the state of being attached to a common sense of identity. Globalization causes some identities to become radicalized and some identities to remain in the background. National identity establishes a bond with the place considered as the homeland. The consciousness of being a nation is fed by historical myths, memories and experiences. The new identity codes brought about by globalization are devoid of this relation of belonging. In this study, first of all, what globalization means conceptually, its development in the historical process, its economic, political, cultural dimensions and perspectives on globalization are examined. Then, the perspectives on the concepts of identity and national identity were examined, and the effect of globalization on national identity was tried to be analyzed. It has been concluded that globalization has both a disintegrating and integrating effect on national identity.