Extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation from Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria and potential for use on skin

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are defined as extracellular vesicles whose dimensions usually range from 50 to 200 nm and can be secreted from all cells. Decellularized vesicles (EV) are the most common extracellular vesicles. These vesicles are secreted by all eukaryotic cells and their isolation from all body fluids is possible. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles are not only cellular waste and have important potentials for intercellular communication and Decontamination. Studies on its use in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have yielded positive results. It has been discovered that extracellular vesicles can also be secreted bacterially during the continuation of secretion from cells and show similar properties to extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. The use potentials of these bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEV) have contributed to and continue to provide many innovative studies thanks to their properties such as dimensionally passing through membrane structures and reaching the target cell. Probiotic bacteria are defined as gram-positive and symbiotic related bacteria. Studies have been conducted on the effects of extracellular vesicles isolated from these beneficial bacteria on the skin, which is the outermost layer of the body and the organ most exposed to external factors. Its positive effects against aging-related color changes and negative changes such as wrinkles have also been supported by literature research. Within the scope of this study, Lactobacillus plantarum bacterium, which has a healing effect against external factors on the skin as a result of literature researches from Lactobacillus type bacteria showing probiotic properties, was used. Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria isolated from raw cow's milk were cultured and BEV formation was achieved. BEVs purified by ultrafiltration and filtration method were analyzed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) for dimensional and concentration analyses and Shake Flask Method was applied by using pathogenic strains (Salmonella typhimureum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) to determine their antibacterial properties. As a result of the dimensional analyses of BEVs, their dimensions were determined as an average of 170 nm. In an in vitro study conducted to determine its effects on the skin, it was confirmed that it has antibacterial properties by using bacteria with pathogenic properties.