Techno-economic assessment of hybrid power systems for ports

The development of the country's economies, the increase in welfare levels and the 90% of the trade, which is an important element of global development, are carried out by sea transportation and ports. The share of ships and ports, which are the most important components of the maritime sector where energy is used intensively, is high in energy consumption. As a consequence of this, the increasing use of fossil fuels in the maritime sector together with high energy demand causes negative effects on carbon emissions, greenhouse gas and global warming. International Maritime Organization (IMO) efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have begun to make progress in ensuring low sulphur fuel use on ships, but there are more steps that all components of the maritime sector need to take in the global climate change prevention, alternative and renewable energy use in ports and energy efficiency issues in the maritime sector. Although private and Public Enterprises in the maritime sector, which have a significant share in World Trade, are generally intended to reduce costs, efforts to supply and improve energy efficiency from alternative energy sources have begun to attract attention to both social responsibility, commercial prestige and environmental sensitivity and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy supply security to meet national and international The importance of meeting the energy needs in the maritime industry and its high cost and environmental concerns have increased attention to the choice of sustainable, green and clean energy sources and the efficient use of energy. The energy used in ships, some load handling equipment, and internal port transport vehicles, lighting, refrigerated warehouses, buildings, offices and enterprises, which are the main elements of high energy use in Turkish and World ports where energy consumption is intensive, is usually provided from fossil fuels or electricity from the network. While the use of renewable and green energy sources in the maritime area remains very low in Turkey and the world, fossil fuel is mostly used in shipping and cargo handling operations on ships and in ports. In addition, the use of grid electricity in lighting, air conditioning and daily use in offices and enterprises in many Turkish and World ports has made it inevitable that global measures should be taken to prevent marine air and environmental pollution and to create sustainable and green ports. In addition to the amount and cost of energy needed when both the sea and land part of the maritime sector are evaluated together, its impact on Environment and human health necessitates the expansion of the green ports and the diversion of renewable, green and clean energy resources along with all the elements of the maritime sector. Global maritime companies and port administrations, which provide maritime activities and port services that lead to today and the future, have turned the use of sustainable and clean energy into voluntary actions with social responsibility beyond legal requirements as well as reducing and preventing pollution of air, environment, sea and noise. The sensitivity to environmental and occupational health and safety issues has become an element of institutionalization, competition and prestige for ship operators and port operators who have exemplary practices that approach environmental sensitivity issues seriously and lead the maritime sector. The main objective of all targets and programs encompassing clean, sustainable and renewable energy sources by spreading integrated renewable energy power systems for ports and taking into account the green strategy in ports is to reduce the negative effects of global warming by reducing carbon footprint and preventing greenhouse gases by ensuring environmental, economic and social sustainability in ports all over the world. Our aim in this project is to reduce both the emissions and energy costs by meeting the energy needs of our ports with green, clean and sustainable energy resources. The high cost of energy costs in the ports is proportional to the volume of work, increasing the importance of using renewable and uninterrupted energy sources in reducing the costs of energy used in these areas. Recent studies have shown that, for this purpose, renewable energy sources have been applied to lighthouses, stadiums, factories, enterprises, airports and other projects in the world and successful results have been obtained. However, the use of clean energy resources, which has caused the need for the study of this thesis because there are few examples in the ports in turkey and in the world is a very new application and the new beginning. This is an obstacle for port authority to seeing their potential that how harbors can reduce energy costs because there is not any work done yet. In this thesis study, it will be possible to see the potential amount of energy that the port areas spend clearly in the light of the data, if they are met with renewable energy sources, the potential to increase export and commercial investment and targets. For this purpose, it is aimed to determine the total amount of energy consumed in cargo handling and storage, lighting and other services in port area by determining hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis and total cost of energy. In order to calculate the amount of electricity consumed in the docks and wharfs in the Mediterranean port and the total cost of electricity consumed in the docks and wharfs, the amount of time they can be recycled by renewable energy sources and the profitability to be provided in the long term are requested from the port operator. The coordinate data of the port in the Mediterranean, the amount of energy consumed per hour, and the other data obtained, have been applied to the Homer Program with renewable hybrid energy systems with different scenarios and the most suitable and most economical system has been determined for the port being worked on. Homer program is able to calculate global solar data, temperature, clearance index and wind force by downloading algorithmic calculations by determining the most suitable system components and making optimum system and economic cost calculations. Obtained data Homer program in the Mediterranean port using the coordinate information, the amount of energy consumed per hour was entered. Renewable hybrid energy systems have been implemented with different scenarios and the most suitable and most economical system has been determined for the port. Homer program is able to calculate global solar data, temperature, clearance index and wind force by downloading algorithmic calculations by determining the most suitable system components and making optimum system and economic cost calculations. The program used Homer (NREL, US) software for techno-economic analysis of each system design. Software entered by the designer; project life, location where the system will be installed and meteorological data such as temperature, sun, wind etc., the required energy load (demand), infusion rate, real interest rate, the amount and characteristics of renewable energy components to be designed, maintenance costs of the system, fines and restrictions due to emission etc. list the system combinations that can be applied according to the net system cost by simulating each parameter. According to the techno-economic parameters, different scenarios were simulated for the port and an optimal hybrid energy system with grid connection was designed. In the light of the data obtained from different scenarios of the pilot region analyzed, the optimum system is easily shaped by the most suitable renewable system by comparing it with different variations and scenarios. Hybrid energy system designed in this study is aimed at minimum cost and maximum reliable energy supply according to the energy requirement and resource appropriateness of the region. The pilot region in which the techno-economic analysis of integrated renewable energy power systems is made is a port in the Mediterranean and the name of the port at which the data is received is not clearly stated at the request of the port. While non-hybrid systems are not among the applicable system combinations, the grid-connected hybrid system has been found to be more advantageous in terms of system cost and power generation cost compared to non-grid connected systems. According to the techno-economic analysis of system costs, component costs and energy production costs, the most optimal and applicable system design is examined. In this study, the costs of the energy load of the port were calculated on hourly, daily, monthly and yearly basis with the EXCEL program besides the homer program. According to the results obtained, the energy costs of the port from the network are quite high compared to both programs. In the event of the establishment of an appropriate renewable hybrid energy system, these costs will decrease considerably in terms of energy costs and enable the port to move to profitability in the medium and long term. The sensitivity and optimization settings for the said port were analyzed separately for the average values during the year and the system components and sensitivity settings were individually tested in order to achieve the most reasonable cost. Each cost of renewable energy components, maintenance and repair costs, scrap values and other costs are calculated based on market value averages based on the pages and product models and specifications of these components on the internet. Considering the current cost of the modeled hybrid system, the decrease in component costs from year to year, combined with the rise in grid electricity prices and inflation, has been observed to be more advantageous as well as being competitive with grid energy prices. The resulting system, which will provide a positive and profitable impact on the energy costs of the medium and long term in terms of meeting the energy needs of the ports with an optimum and appropriate renewable energy system, will be useful in terms of clarifying the preferences and decision making processes. This work presents a study about supplying electrical energy from grid connected renewable sources with both solar and wind energy remove the GHG emissions and other pollutant gases for "Port A". The analysis presented in this study confirms the fact that the economic and financial viability of investment for renewable power system in "Port A" is highly profitable and also reducing negative effect of greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of supplying electricity from hybrid energy systems would then serve to motivate maritime industry and port authorities and it would ensure a sufficiently widespread availability of hybrid power systems infrastructures as it would turn enhance the economic and financial viability of investment. This study presents and evaluates results of optimum hybrid renewable energy system for "Port A", including their modeling and simulation, optimization, reliability, economical suitability and the optimal size design by using Homer energy program.