The importance of Turkish straits in Lausanne and Montreux Agreements

Bosporus, Marmara Sea and Canakkale Straits which make connection between Black Sea and Aegean Sea, have a unity supposed in order for all kind of passing. The Straits those are known ?Turkish Straits? on the world have some unique special features instead of the other straits. These features supply economic and strategical forces for the country that possesses Bosporus and Canakkale Straits. Ottoman Empire had had the absolute power over Bosporus and Black Sea since the conquest of Istanbul in 1453. The decisions, about the arrivals at Black Sea and passing at straits, were taken just by Ottoman Empire without any limitations. The absolute sovereignty and private authority for arrangement about Bosporus and Black Sea had been ended after 1809 ?Kala-i Sultaniye Agreement?. By this agreement the Straits Lawful Regime had been started to arrange by double-sided agreements, not just Ottoman Empires? initiative. London Straits Agreement, signed in 1841, had brought openness for the international trade ships and closeness for the warships at the time of peace in the Straits Region, moreover, this agreement had been the bases to arrange the regime of the straits until World War I. When Ottoman Empire and the countries at the same part with it in the World War I were supposed as defeated, Ottoman Empire had accepted to open Canakkale and Istanbul Straits and to supply the passing to Black Sea and also the conquest of military plants at these two straits? costs by the Agreement Countries after Montrose Cease-Fire Agreement on 30 of October 1918. In addition, with ?Sevres Agreement? dated by August 10, 1920 exact freedom had been brought to the Straits and also it had been decided that the straits would have been opened to trade and war ships of each country unconditionally in both war and peace. The Principle for free pass and arrival from sea and air in the situations of peace and war had been accepted at Turkish Straits with Lausanne Peace Agreement after National Struggle. Straits had been taken under the protection supplied by National Society and the arrangements about Straits had been left to the international commission. The rules which had limited the sovereignty of Turkey over Straits Region accepted in Lausanne Peace Agreement had been put away after Montreux Straits Agreement. It had been foreseen that Straits Region would be armed by Turkey and the qualifications would be left to Turkey by removing Straits Commission. Consequently, it is evaluated that Montreux Straits Agreement is a text which can protect lawful and political rights and benefits of Turkey best with its daily situation.