Industrially important enzymes of macrofungal origin and their application potentials

Macrofungi represent a group of organisms that have been relatively neglected in biotechnological research in Turkey, and no studies have been reported on the macrofungal biodiversity of Bilecik province. In this study, the activity zone diameters of 240 different macrofungal isolates cultured on solid media were measured, and their enzymatic, dye and endocrine-disrupting chemical degradation activities were determined. The endocrine-disrupting chemical degradation activities of macrofungal species found in Turkey were investigated for the first time. The highest enzymatic index values for laccase, amylase, protease, urease, cellulase, and xylanase activities were detected in BM_90 (5.58), Bİ_125 (2.20), BM_76 (5.09), Hebeloma mesophaeum BM_35 (8.18), Laccaria laccata BB_581 (3.37), and Otidea concinna BM_173 (6.02), respectively. Biodegradation and endocrine-disrupting activities against environmental pollutants such as Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Crystal Violet, Amaranth, Malachite Green, and Bisphenol A were observed at the highest levels in BM_90 (5.83), Gymnopilus sapineus BM_342 (3.13), Agaricus sp. (1.86), BM_90 (4.70), and BS_179 (2.45), respectively. These findings indicate that the macrofungal species native to Bilecik province have a high potential for biotechnological applications, including enzyme production and biodegradation of environmental pollutants.