Investigation of the effect of different types of xanthones in the structure of mangostin fruit on cell death mechanisms in bladder cancer cell lines

Mangostin (Clusiaceae plant family, Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical tree. The nutritional value of the fruit of the tree is high due to the components it contains. However, xanthones, which are the main phytochemicals found in the species, have many biological effects (antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc.). The effects of different types of xanthones on cancer have been investigated in many cancer types. However, there is not enough information about bladder cancer. Therefore, in our study, it is aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of α- and γ-mangostin on 5637 and HT-1376 bladder cancer cell lines, and then to determine their effects on apoptosis and autophagy, which are cell death mechanisms. The cytotoxic effect of the active substances on cell lines will be determined by the MTT method, the effect on apoptosis will be determined by the measurement of both mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 and -7 activities, and the effect on autophagy will be determined by the measurement of lysosomal/autophagic vacuoles by fluorescence markers. Thus, the mechanism by which the active substances cause cell death in bladder cancer will be evaluated.