Analyzing spatial change in the dimension of urban macroform; the case of Van province

Throughout the historical process, settlements have been in a continuous process of change, transformation and development under the influence of both the natural environment and social dynamics. This transformation encompasses not only the physical expansion of cities, but also the shaping of the socio-cultural structure, economic activities and legal and administrative decisions. These elements have been among the main factors determining the evolution of urban form by triggering the change of the urban fabric and urban spots. Urban form, as one of the main elements that define the physical structure of a settlement and distinguish it from others, is both the product and determinant of this evolution. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial change that has occurred in the historical process within the borders of the Metropolitan Area of Van city (Edremit, İpekyolu and Tuşba districts) and to reveal the factors affecting the formation of urban macroform. In the study, zoning plans prepared in different periods and in different sizes and the effects of these plans on the city were analyzed comparatively and the macroform of urban areas was determined. In addition, the dynamics affecting the spatial pattern of the city of Van have been analyzed and the changes in the planning approach over time have been evaluated. In addition, the aspects of natural and artificial thresholds that are reflected or not reflected in the historical settlement process and development plans are discussed in detail. As a result, this study has evaluated the historical change process and physical factors such as geography (topography, hydrogeography) and disaster risk; the difficulties encountered in the preparation of zoning plans, the effects of legal and administrative processes, and the physical and socio-economic thresholds on the city with a holistic approach. By presenting the historical-spatial development of the city of Van in a comprehensive manner, the study aims to set an example for spatial analyses and urban macroform studies to be conducted on a regional scale, and to make a significant contribution to the existing academic literature and to serve as a source for future research as one of the first examples of Van city-specific research. At the same time, it aims to shed light on the spatial changes in the city of Van for future planning studies and to contribute to a sustainable and holistic understanding of urban development. Keywords: Development plans, Historical process and change, Natural and artificial thresholds, Spatial development, Sustainable urban development, Urban macroform, Urban planning, Van Metropolitan Area