Contribution of squares to urban identity in visual and functional aspects: Case of Bakirköy Cumhuriyet Square and Eminönü Square

In this study, it is aimed to determine the potentials and deficiencies of Bakırköy Cumhuriyet square and Eminönü square from the perspective of landscape architecture and to develop suggestions for contributing to the identity of the city by observing visual and functional effects to the city identity. Principally, the concept of city, city identity and square were considered and facts that make up city identity and square were investigated. In the squares chosen as the research area, all the elements that make up the square were analyzed and all the features of these squares that affect the city and urban identity were determined. Consequently, the visual and functional features determined in the squares were evaluated by transferring them to the charts collectively. As a result of the evaluation, it has been determined that both squares have a positive effect on the city and city identity. In addition, suggestions have been developed to eliminate the deficiencies in these squares.