Microstrip antenna design in mobile communication

In general, communication is known as the transfer of information from one point to another. Information transfer in mobile communication systems is achieved by converting the data into an electromagnetic wave. This acquired wave plays the carrier role. When the carrier, which has been converted to a modulated or electromagnetic wave, reaches the destination, the signal is demodulated and reached again. This access is made in two different ways, with wired or wireless, with antennas. Today, the most important components of communication links are antennas. The first antenna was invented in 1877 by the Hamburg scientist Professor Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. The developments in antenna theory have continued to evolve since this date. Progress in this area continues even today. Since antennas are an indispensable element of electronic communication systems, it is imperative that electronic engineers have good knowledge of this field. New generation technologies such as WIFI and WIMAX will prefer to use microstrip antennas for use on mobile devices. Microstrip antennas are the most popular antenna types due to their geometry, light weight, low cost of production time and easy mounting. This whole system is a resonator whose entire lateral surface is open. Microstrip antennas are the main reason for significant improvement and innovation within antenna structures due to their non-electrical properties. Microstrip antennas have a low weight and small dimensions. They can easily adapt to microwave integrated circuits (MIC). Because they are small and they can share the same dielectric layer with the circuit elements ve they can easily adapt to the integrated circuit construction and do not have to be enlarged in size. If the fabrication costs and materials are not obstructive, the system can be very cheap. In terms of electrical performance, basic microstrip antennas suffer from disadvantages such as high feed-in circuit losses, narrow bandwidth, low cross-polarization and low power control capability when compared to conventional antenna systems such as wires or openings. These limit the performance and application areas of the research. Moreover, it is difficult to perform analysis of microstrip antennas due to the presence of the dielectric bottom layer supporting the conductors. Recent studies have focused on developing applications such as the transmission cavity model used for rectangular and circular geometry analysis, line model, full wave analysis. The aim of the study is to design a multiband antenna which can be operated in global positioning system (GPS), wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless wide area network (WIMAX) technologies and has been looked at as a suitable microstrip antenna for mobile communication.