Modern architecture and epidemic diseases: Anatorium structures in the world and in Turkey specific to tuberculosis

This study, in general terms, begins with the historical place of epidemics in the historical process and the urban, social and architectural and treatment efforts in the 19th century, the history of humanity and the history of epidemics together. The nation states of the period saw the activities of combating epidemic diseases as a subject that should be dealt with, and implemented the policy of the Hygiene Movement, which emerged in the formation process of building a new nation and a healthy body. The measures taken and laws enacted by the state in the world and in Turkey, the concept of biopolitics, the urban arrangements made for the construction of a healthy individual with the Hygiene Movement, the proposed city planning, the public awareness for epidemic diseases that affect public health as a result of the adverse living conditions that occurred after the industrial revolution. hygiene museums, exhibitions, distributed booklets, books and epidemic disease movies are discussed, as well as the effects of these reflections on architecture and what kind of suggestions architectural groups make. It has been examined how epidemics change societies, how the concepts of space in the architectural sense are affected and how it corresponds to the concept of Modern Architecture that emerged with these spatial needs. The main issue is the relationship between the developments in the fight against tuberculosis disease of the period and the Sanatorium Movement, which acts together with the concept of Modern Architecture. Sanatoriums have enabled the concepts of modernity and hygiene to be represented as places where the body, body-related diseases and hygiene issues, and medical developments are exhibited. As a result of these developments in society, many sanatoriums have been opened in the world. However, this study thematically among themselves The Brehmer, Falkenstein, Adirondacks Sanatoriums in Europe, which were opened before Modern Architecture in a historical order, and the Buzgazada and Büyükada Sanatoriums in Turkey and the Davos, Paimio, Zonnestraal Sanatoriums in Europe, where the influence of Modern Architecture can be observed, in Turkey. and includes Heybeliada Sanatorium and Keçiören Sanatorium. Spatial comparisons of sanatorium buildings that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries under the concept of Modern Architecture are discussed. Keywords: Modern Architecture, Tuberculosis, Sanatoriums, Keçiören Atatürk Sanatorium, Hygiene Issue