Investi̇gati̇on of possi̇ble protecti̇ve effects of betani̇n (C24H26N2O13) i̇n elderly rats experi̇mental toxi̇cated wi̇th monosodi̇um glutamate

Purpose: This research was carried out to examine the protective effects of betanin (C24H26N2O13) active ingredient in red beet plant (Beta vulgaris) in aged rats exposed to chronic toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG) nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: Aged rat was used in the study. In total, 48 rats were randomly divided into 4 different groups. At the end of the 28-day study, the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Total antioxidant capacity (TAK), total oxidant capacity (TOC), paraoxanase (PON), thiol levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were studied in rat blood serum by spectrophotometric method. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated by dividing TAK by TOC. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were measured by colorimetric method using ELISA kit. After the liver pathological evaluation was examined under a light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining method, microphotographs were taken. The test for conformity to normal distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro Wilk Test. One-way ANOVA method determined whether the changes were significant (p<0.05). Post-hoc test (Duncan) was used for significant data. Results: The difference between the groups in serum levels of TAK, TOC, OSI, ALT, PON, MDA and thiol was found to be statistically significant (p˂0.05). The difference between the groups in serum levels of AST, ALP, NO and total bilirubin was not found to be statistically significant (p›0.05). Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in TOS, OSI, thiol and MDA levels in the MSG group, while a significant decrease was observed in the levels of TAK and PON. There was a significant increase in ALT level in the MSG+betanin group compared to the control group. There was an increase in AST, ALP, total bilirubin and NO levels in the MSG group compared to the control group. However, it is not statistically significant. When the histopathological findings were examined, mild hydropic degeneration was not common in the MSG group and almost normal histological appearance in the MSG+betanin group. Conclusion: It has been concluded that betanin can increase the antioxidant effect and reduce the histopathological damage caused by MSG. Further studies are needed to determine the antioxidant effects of long-term use of betanin at different doses in the aging process.