Effect of glycemic index and glycemic load of breakfast on appetite and satiety in obese individuals

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between low or high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) breakfast and blood glucose regulation, satiety, changing interest to different tastes and low food intake. Therefore, in this study; effects of low or high GI and GL breakfasts on participant's hunger, fullness, satiety, salty/sugary/sour food preference, nutrition status and anthropometric measurements as well as some parameters like glucose, leptin and ghrelin in their blood and saliva were evaluated in a randomized crossover design. A total of 32 adults, being 16 of normal weight (control group) and 16 obese participated in the study, and each group had breakfast with a low or high GI and GY diets with similar macro nutrient content adjusted for their specific requirements. Low GI and GL breakfast was observed to be associated with higher satiety ratings in both obese and control groups (p<0,05). While leptin and ghrelin concentrations did not show any difference between breakfasts (p>0,05), higher ghrelin concentration was associated with low GI and GL breakfast in all participants (p<0,05). The control group had lower desire to eat salty, sugary and favorite foods after a postprandial low GI and GL breakfast (p<0,05) whereas no such tendency was observed in the obese group (p>0,05). No relationship was observed between mood, daily energy and macro nutrient intake of the individuals and the breakfasts served (p>0,05). In conclusion, while breakfast with lower GI and GL has a potential to suppress satiety, this is not applicable to energy intakes.