Determination of the role of different nutrition types and home-based exercise program applied to obese housewives on myokins and adipokins effective on obesity

Obesity, as defined by the WHO, is currently a global epidemic, with Turkey having the highest rates in Europe. This situation has social and economic consequences as well as individual health problems. Our study aims to contribute to the development of individualized and sustainable approaches to obesity treatment by examining the role of different dietary models (ketogenic, intermittent fasting, vegetarian) and home-based exercise practices on obesity-related biomarkers such as adiponectin, apelin, IGF-1, irisin, myostatin, glucose and insulin in obese housewives. The study, which was conducted with an experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group, included 108 housewives (96 obese, 12 normal weight) from Elazığ and Diyarbakır, aged 19-45, who had not dieted in the last 3 months. In the study, home-based exercise programs (3 days a week, 30 minutes) and/or special nutrition programs (vegetarian, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet) were applied to the groups for six weeks. The control groups were not subjected to intervention. Before and after the physical (height, body weight, body composition) and biochemical (adiponectin, apelin, IGF-1, irisin, myostatin, glucose, insulin) measurements of the participants were taken and the effects of diet and exercise interventions on obesity-related biomarkers were analyzed using the ELISA method. Repeat measures were used to reveal the pre-test, post-test data, and intra-group and inter-group differences of normally distributed data. Statistical significance was accepted as (p<0.05). As a result, it was confirmed that obesity is a chronic condition that does not improve without intervention. The results confirmed that obesity is a chronic condition that does not improve without intervention. Both exercise and dietary interventions alone (ketogenic, vegetarian, intermittent fasting) have shown significant reductions in weight, BMI, and BMI, resulting in improvements in metabolic markers. However, the most comprehensive and synergistic positive effects were achieved with exercise and diet combinations, which were found to maximize improvements in all parameters. Therefore, the most effective and sustainable strategy in combating obesity is to combine regular physical activity with personalized diet programs.