The peace process in Afghanistan (1992-2021)

Afghanistan is an important country located almost in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders Pakistan in the East and South and uses the sea route through Pakistan. Afghanistan has been suffering from war since the 1970s. After the atrocities of the civil war, the foreign invasion of the Soviet Union in 1979 and the United States in 2001 devastated Afghanistan and killed thousands of innocent Afghans. Great powers came to Afghanistan to crush the roots of religious extremism, drug trafficking, terrorism and smuggling. But none of the big powers could reduce drug trafficking, terrorism, etc. According to what was said; Although Afghanistan has been involved in devastating internal and external wars for more than four decades, but peace and reconciliation has not been possible in any of the historical periods. The findings of this research show that the peace process during the previous government from 2001 to 2021 was failed for different reasons such as: the lack of interests of Taliban, lack of a clear plan from the previous government, lack of unity between the Afghan government and foreign powers, the existence of corruption in the government…e.tc. The aforementioned concepts caused this process to fail, and the failure of the peace process provided the ground for Taliban to dominate Afghanistan again through the Doha Agreement. According to the lessons that can be learned from the past, now the civil society, the international community and other countries in the region and Afghanistan's neighboring countries should put maximum pressure on the Taliban, so that the Taliban will agree to establish an inclusive government and also ensure the rights of women, minorities, and human rights. Key words: Peace, Reconciliation, Taliban, Afghanistan