Biomimicry as the reintegrative design method in landscape design: Examplication of 'Üsküdar and Esenyurt' districts

Landscape design is a profession that works to achieve a balance between natural and artificial environments and aims to beautify the environment aesthetically while doing so. For today's crowded cities, designing the building together with the environment has become a task that designers have to do. Polluted, arid, extinct of animals and plants, where energy is spent at a high rate, where the production rate is very low, plays a major role in increasing the speed of global destruction in the world. In order to reduce this destruction caused by cities, designers develop ecological and sustainable solution strategies. Biomimetic Design is a sustainable design model that is inspired by nature and finds the solution in nature. In fact, the designs that have survived since ancient times show that inspiration from nature and adaptation to nature date back to ancient times. This design concept is used in many disciplines today, as well as many examples in the field of architecture, landscape and urban design. The inadequacy of green spaces in cities compared to urbanization can adversely affect the sustainability of the environment and as a solution, green designs such as vertical gardens, terraces and roof gardens integrated into the buildings are made. However, the fact that these designs are not sustainable can cause water and energy consumption. Therefore, it is not enough for a city or design to be sustainable by having a green design. Biomimicry gives the designer tips for sustainable design strategies and the creation of green spaces that will serve the urban ecosystem with this design awareness paves the way for sustainability in the city. Sustainable solutions put forward in the planning made in architecture, landscape and urban design can be independent of each other. For this reason, biomimetic design methods are an effective method in revealing more integrated designs. Based on the design principles offered by the biomimicry design model, environmental sustainability, continuity of flora, fauna and resources living in cities will be ensured as a result of ensuring the integration of green spaces into buildings and cities, while the urban-nature-user (animals and people) relationship will be balanced.