Investigation of the effectiveness of trigonelline in rats with N-methyl D-aspartate induced apopythosis model

Trigonelline (TG)'s antiapopitotic, neuroprotective and antioxidant substance. Our aim's to evaluate neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of TG in apoptosis model. No intervention was made to control group. Sham-control group was injected intravitreal phosphate bufferd saline (PBS). Rats in other groups, apoptosis was induced by intravitreal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) injection. No treatment was given to the sham group. Fourth group received oral TG, fifth group received TG drops, and sixth group received brimonidine tartrate (BT). Topical TG and topical BT groups, TUNEL and caspase3 positivity decreased statistically significantly compared to sham group (p<0.05). In Brn3a staining, there was statistically significant increase in drop TG and drop BT groups compared to sham group (p<0.05). In TUNEL, caspase3 and Brn3a staining in group treated with oral TG, no statistically significant difference was found compared to sham group. There was statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all treatment groups compared to sham group (p<0.05). NOS-2 levels increased statistically significantly in sham group compared to control group (p<0.05). There was statistically significant decrease in NOS levels in groups treated with drop TG and drop BT compared to sham group (p<0.05). There was statistically significant increase in SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and BDNF levels in all treatment groups compared to sham group (p<0.05). NF-κB levels increased significantly in sham group compared to control group (p<0.05). There was statistically significant decrease in NF-κB levels in groups treated with oral and drop TG compared to sham group. Topical TG showed decrease in NOS levels and antiapopitotic efficacy similar to that of topical BT in clinical use. Keywords: Apoptosis, glaucoma, trigonelline, neuroprotection