Determination of the change of number of passenger by station related to the extension of rail systems

Istanbul is a great metropolitan city with 14,5 million population. Many different types of public transportation modes are using to serve to the habitants. İstanbul rail network carries near 2 million passengers weekdays by metros and trams which are integrated to the other public transport modes. The rail network developing and deploying to the city very fast recently so many new challenges coming through everyday. In this thesis study, Yenikapı - Airport Metro Line, Zeytinburnu - Kabataş Tram Line and Topkapı - Sultanciftligi Tramway Line operated by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality were examined. These rail system lines, serving basically the Historical Peninsula, are the highest value lines of Istanbul in terms of capacity occupancy. The M1 Yenikapı Airport Metro Line and the T1 Kabatas Bağcılar Tram Line are the oldest modern rail system lines in Istanbul, which entered service at the end of 1980's. The T4 Topkapi Sultanciftift Line has been investigated within the scope of the study due to its relatively new line and its relationship with other lines and its subsequent extension. The change in the demand for passengers at existing stations was examined within the scope of the thesis as a result of the extension of the service to the lines and the addition of new stations. In addition, the number of passengers due to population change and the number of passengers in the lines have been examined for a related 15-year period. In this study, it was tried to examine the new passenger demand which is formed as a result of only extension of the line, without taking into account the change factors that could be caused by population change, economic factors and employment changes. Many maps and explanations have been used to provide information on land use and population densities along the corridor. Especially while the travel figures are examined, many screenings have been carried out in order to prevent the disturbance of different travel characteristics arising from different land uses. For each line, firstly the alignment is defined and shown on landuse, population and density map. The technical specifications of the lines are briefly mentioned. A total of 7 dates were accepted as milestones for the three lines examined in the study covering the years 2000-2015 and the passenger quantities before and after these dates were examined and evaluated. These dates, chosen as milestones, are the dates when new stations are added to the lines or the line is extended In the study, all stations were compared using monthly average passenger number information. It has been preferred that all trips be examined on a line-by-graph basis. In addition, travel information before and after the change was also shown numerically in the tables. Detailed travel information is also shown in the appendices along with population growth and intensity tables for all lines separately. In each section prepared for the line, the problems and deficiencies experienced at certain stations of the line are also mentioned. Especially the problems caused by excessive demand and the capacity shortage are the subject of these shortcomings. Capacity inadequacy is most obviously caused by insufficient platform widths and by the fact that the passenger capacity of the operator is less than the number of passengers arriving. The study also examined the relationship between the passenger information of "Central Line" in London and London population between 2000 and 2015. This line is one of the oldest and central lines of London and is the largest in terms of number of passengers. It is seen that there is a high correlation between travels and population growth as in Istanbul. The 2005-2006 household travel survey data was used while the number of passengers arriving to the station was calculated. The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality conducted a survey of 90.000 households in order to establish a new transportation model covering the whole city and collected in socio-economic data within the scope of the survey. Collected socio-economic data were used in the modeling process. The number of trips during the survey period was also used during the calibration period. Numbers of pedestrian passengers who came to the station were tried to be calculated by taking advantage of Geographic Information Systems. While the number of passengers arriving at the station was calculated, pedestrian walking distance was accepted as 400m and station access areas were drawn and shown on the map. Employment, population and other demographic data within the walking distance are calculated using the geographic information system and used in the study. In some cases it has been seen that the access lines of two lines are intertwined. The results were compared with the pedestrian passenger numbers from the Satisfaction Survey results made by Metro Istanbul in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and their accuracy was checked by the result of the survey. A study on the production of a model has been made by examining whether the number of the trips varies depending on the number of the stations added and the previous length of the line. Finally, the change in the number of all passengers on the line has been examined and the changes observed in the number of passengers according to the station have been observed. During the study, employment and population figures, as well as the number of students at the house, the number of students in the school and the number of households were evaluated but there was not a high correlation with the number of passengers. All these statistical datas provided from national statistic institute in the precision of sub-district. As a result of this work, many numerical data about the usage of the stations have been reached and many analyzes have been made. First of all, the relationship between population growth and the number of passengers was revealed, followed by changes in employment and other factors. Especially the Yenikapi station, which was added recently to the Airport Yenikapi Line, was seen to have great effect on the entire line. The number of passengers of Aksaray Station is also seen to decrease after a certain period of Yenikapi extension. It is also seen that the Kabataş station and Bağcılar station, which were added later on Zeytinburnu Kabataş tram line, have great effect on the entire line. It is concluded that the transfer stations in particular are more efficient on the number of passengers. Another observed factor is that the economic situation affects the number of passengers. Particularly in 2008, due to economic stagnation, it is observed that passenger numbers in certain lines are decreasing in all lines. Since Topkapı Sultançiftliği is a very new line in this history, the effect of the economic situation has not been fully understood. However, very sharp increase in 2009 gives some clues to understand this effect.