The relationships between psychological resilience, meaning in life, hope levels, internet and smartphone addictions of students who receive sports education

This study was conducted to reveal the relationships between psychological resilience, meaning of life, hope levels, and internet and smartphone addictions of students studying sports at higher education levels in Turkey. The population of the study consisted of students studying sports at Firat University, Bayburt University, Harran University, Kahramanmaras Sutcu İmam University, Aksaray University, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and Kutahya Dumlupinar University. In this context, a total of 1957 students receiving sports education were reached. A form consisting of six sections (Personal Information Section, Psychological Resilience Scale, Meaning of Life Scale, Individual Hope Scale, Youth Internet Addiction Scale Test, Smartphone Addiction Scale) was used to obtain data from the sample group. To reveal the personal characteristics of the sample group and the independent variables of the research, variables related to university, department, gender, age, grade, monthly income, daily computer usage frequency, daily internet usage frequency, and the purpose of using the internet were used. The data obtained were analyzed using the licensed SPSS 24.0 package program. To evaluate the level of differentiation between independent and dependent variables, "Independent Sample t-test" and "One-Way Analysis of Variance" from parametric tests were used. "The Scheffe Test" was applied to reveal which variables the difference was between. In addition, "Pearson Correlation Analysis" was performed to determine the level and direction of the relationship between the dependent variables. As a result of the analysis, statistically significant differences were obtained between the dependent and independent variables (p<0.05). When the relationships between the scales were analyzed, it was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship between the meaning of life and the level of hope (r=0.620). The lowest relationship was found to be a negative and very weak relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological resilience (r=-0.157). These results indicate that individuals with higher psychological resilience perceive more meaning in life and exhibit higher levels of hope. It also indicates that these constructs are deeply intertwined in shaping an individual's psychological perspective. It suggests that higher levels of psychological resilience may have a protective effect against tendencies towards internet and smartphone addiction. It suggests a potential overlap in the psychological or behavioral patterns that contribute to these types of addictions. Overall, this research has yielded valuable insights into the interactions between psychological resilience, meaning in life, hope, and addiction to the internet and smartphone use. The study also contributed to an understanding of how promoting psychological strengths can be useful in mitigating addictive behaviors in the digital age. Keywords: Sport Education Students, Psychological Resilience, Meaning of Life, Level of Hope, Internet Addiction