Research on experimental performance in solar water heating systems

In this study, a solar dish collector is designed and manufactured. Moreover, its engineering and applied properties, the effect of the change in the mass flow rate 0.0055 kg/s, 0.009 kg/s, 0.022 kg/s, and 0.028 kg/s on the water temperature entering and exiting the receiver, and the efficiency of the collector are all studied. This study aims to heat the working fluid (water) with several variables. The experiments are carried out in Iraq Erbil –Kasnazan at a longitude of 44.12° and latitude of 36.21°. The collector is manufacturedfrom locally available materials, the same dish used in television communications, with a diameter of 1.4 m and a depth of 0.14 m. It is covered with glass as a reflective material cut into square pieces, the dimensions of which are 2×2 cm. It consists of a cylindrical receiver, in which the receiver consists of two pipes made of stainless steel with a thickness of 0.007 m. The first pipe's inner and outer diameters are 0.145 m and 0.152 m, respectively, with a height of 0.23 m. As for the second pipe, the inner and outer diameters are 0.095 m and 0.102 m, respectively. The first is connected to the second by a metal disk of the same thickness attached to the cylinder from the bottom and contains two holes for passing the copper pipe, with a length inside the receiver reaching 12.5 m. The system also consists of a water tank, a metal base to install the solar collector, and an electrical circuit (to track the sun). After installing all the parts in place, the system is operated, and experiments are conducted for the month of May. The results obtained above show that the highest process efficiency obtained in May is on the 16th of May at a mass flow rate of 0.028 kg/s, reaching about 0.82 to 0.90, while the lowest efficiency is on the 6th of May at a mass flow rate of 0.0055 kg/s reaching 0.57 to 0.89. The useful energy absorbed by the water per unit of time as it passes into the receiver is 1281.26 W. This value represents the highest useful energy obtained in the month of April at a flow rate of 0.028 kg/s. The highest temperature of the water exiting the receiver is 413 K on the 6th of May, at a mass flow rate of 0.0055 kg/s. The lowest useful energy absorbed by the water on the 6th of May when passing into the receiver is 1164.50 W at a mass flow rate of 0.0055