Saruhanoğulları Beylic (Principality)

ABSTRACK The founder of Saruhanoğullan Beylic (principality) is Saruhan Bey. His father's name is Alpağ. It is known that the ancestors of Saruhan Bey were from Emirs of Celalleddin Harzemsah. Until Saruhan Bey conquered Manisa, he particularly worked under the order of Seljuk State. His activity around Manisa and vicinity started around 1300's. He made Manisa the center of his Beylic in 1313. Saruhan Bey, during his health, had good relations with surrounding Turkish Beys and played the determining role in the throne strife of Byzantium. He ruled his Beylic between 1313- 1345. After his death, his son İlyas Bey throned the leadership of Beylic. İlyas Bey's reign was between the years of 1346-1363-1364. After İlyas Bey's death, his son İshak Bey came to the power. İshak Bey, who governed the Beylic between 1364-1378, facilitated Manisa as being a Turkish islamic city. Important works of art like mevlevihane, Zulu Mosque and medreshe were built during his term. He managed that Mevlevi order was established in the city of Manisa, therefore he is also known with the name of Çelebi. The Beylic started to weaken with the death of İshak Bey and his son Orhan replaced him. Orhan Bey's first term was between 1378/1390-1391. When city center was conquered by Ottomans during the war with them, east part of the city was obtained by Orhan Bey's brother Hızırşah. Hızırşah's term included the years of 1390-1391/1402. Hızırşah governed Adalar, Kemaliye and their vicinities and important works of art were built in those years. The lands of Beylic were given to Orhan Bey by Timur after Ankara war. Orhan Bey's second term in the throne lasted between 1403/1404-1405. His brother Hızırşah replaced Orhan Bey to lead the Beylic after 1404. Hızırşah's second term included 1404-1405/1406. He was captured and killed in Manisa after he lost the war against Ottoman Sultan Mehmet Çelebi. His death brought out the process for Beylic's collapsation. Yakup Çelebi, Budak Paşaoğlu, Buğçe and İdris Beys, Hayreddin Çelebi, Ali Bey b. Saruhani, Yusuf Çelebi and Saruhan b. İshak ruled the Beylic after Hızırşah. These Beys governed the different parts of Manisa as local principals in the last term of Beylic.