Pharmacognostic studies on scrophularia kotschyana benth.

Scrophularia L. genus (Scrophulariaceae) is represented by 67 species in Turkey including 23 endemics. Some Scrophularia species were used in folk medicine for the treatment of many skin diseases, constipation, neuritis, bacterial-viral infections with inflammation such as pharyngitis or laryngitis and also hyperthermia. In recent studies, phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides and saponins were isolated from Scrophularia species with antiinflammatory activity. In this work, S. kotschyana of which any literature search revealed, was selected for the phytochemical study. Above the aerial parts of the plant was extracted with aqueous methanol, and then crude methanolic extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. Isolation of compounds from S. kotschyana studied within the n-butanol fraction which was subjected to various chromatographic techniques (open column chromatography, low vacuum liquid chromatography, and medium pressure liquid chromatography) for the isolation. A mixture of two new iridoit type compounds (8-O-Acetylharpagide cis and trans-p-coumaric acid ester), three steroid type compounds of which are mixture (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol 3-O-glucopyranoside), and four flavonoid glycoside (apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D glucopyranoside, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside) were obtained from n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from S. kotschyana. The structure of isolated natural compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, and MS data.