The analysis of antibiotic resistance situations of the Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobactericeae spp. isolates' in vegetables

Nowadays the resistance of Enterobactericeaes produced against extended spectrum beta lactamase antibiotics has been increased rapidly and reached to a level threatening community health significantly. ESBL are mainly plasmid-encoded enzymes providing an extended resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and can be produced by a variety of different bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae or nonfermenting bacteria. That people use antibiotics unconsciously and also the usage of antibiotics in foodstuff due to different reasons can cause bacteria resistance and can be transferred to human body via consumption. The objective of this study is to determine the resistance situations of isolates, which belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, producing GSBL on vegetables supplied from district bazaars in Ġstanbul and nearby cities. 13 types (grape leaf, dill, spinach, lettuce, collard greens, white cabbage, mushroom, parsley, mint, chard, leek, garden rocket, purslane) a total of 108 vegetable samples were collected from district bazaars in Ġstanbul and supermarkets. Analyzes were conducted in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines (bacteria identification; ISO / DIS 21528-2, antimicrobial susceptibility; the CLS 2013). After pre-enrichment in E.E. broth and inoculation on beta-lactamase selective media, the colonies were subcultured onto Trypton Soy agar for characterized by Vitek® MS (bioMérieux). The characterized ESBL suspected strains were screened for ESBL-production by ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxim (CTX), and cefpodoxime (CPD) dıscs respectively. Phenotypic Screening and MIC determination of β-lactamases were performed by disc-approximation testing and Micronaut-S beta-lactamase VII kit (Merlin) and Software (Sifin). 18 out of 69 (%25,55) isolated bacteria being taken from examined samples, results were absolute GSBL(+), this positive resulted isolates‟ %55,5 Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=10), %39 Escherichia coli (n=7), %6 Citrobacter freundii (n=1) are ranked. Also the existen of different antibiotics resistance was determined during antibiogramme vericification. It has been determined that 4 isolate produce metallo beta lactamases notably Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n=1) strains and Acinetobacter baumanni complex (n=3) strains, and at the same time one of the E. Coli strains producing GSBL also produces AmpC. Consequently it has been determined in this study that vegetables that we constantly consume in our daily lives are very important source for enteric bacteria producing GSBL, thus it can be a big element of risk for food security and community health.