Comparing al-Sam'ānī and al-Ghazzālī's approaches to qiyās

Al-qiyās; It is a method that helps to expand the provisions determined by the book of the Quran, the Sunnah and ijmā'for other issues that have a common cause. There are many disagreements among us̠ūl scholars regarding the validity and nature of this expansion. Our study is about the comparison of the views of two great Shafi'ī scholars, al-Sam'ānī and al-Ghazzālī, who lived in the 5th century Hijri, on the subject of qiyas. al-Sam'ānī wrote his work named Qawāṭi'u al-Adilla according to the fuqahā method; al-Ghazzālī wrote his work called al-Mustas̠fā according to the mutakallīm method. This study is important in terms of revealing the effects of the difference in copyright methods of two authors who follow the same sect. The main purpose of this study is to determine how the fuqahā and mutakallīm methods adopted by these two scholars are reflected in their understanding of qiyās. For this purpose, answers to the following questions were sought: How did Shafi'ī jurist al-Sam'ānī's adoption of the fuqahā method reflect on his understanding of qiyās? How is al-Ghazzālī's theologian identity reflected in his views on analogy? What are the issues on which these authors agree and disagree regarding qiyās? When considered within the framework of qiyās, to what extent did the authors' differences in style and method affect their commitment to the Shafi'ī sect? Which topics that al-Sam'ānī discussed were not included in al-Ghazālī's work? Is this due to the difference in copyright methods? What topics did al-Ghazzālī include in his work that were not covered by al-Sam'ānī? What is the relationship between this situation and al-Ghazzālī's mutakallīm identity? In this research, document analysis method, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used. First of all, the views of both authors on the subject of qiyās were determined, and then they were analyzed comparatively. In the first part, issues related to the nature of al-qiyās and its evidentiary value; in the second part, the nature of the al-'īlla and methods of detecting it were examined. As a result, it has been determined that al-Ghazzālī's theologian identity comes to the fore in terms of the definition of al-qiyās, the evidentiary value of al-qiyās, and the methods considered valid in determining the al-'īlla.