Determination of flowering, yield and fruit characteristics on some standard almond (Amygdalus communis L.) cultivars grown in Siirt

This study was carried out in 2023 and 2024 in an irrigated, 6-year-old almond orchard grown in Yunuslar, Kurtalan District, Siirt Province. The material of the study consisted of trees of 5 almond varieties (Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Drake, Texas and Lauranne) grafted onto GF677 rootstock and planted at 5 x 4 meters intervals. Phenological observations and pomological evaluations of almond varieties were made and their yields were determined. The earliest flowering in almond varieties was observed between March 22-24 in Drake and Texas varieties, followed by Ferragneş variety that bloomed between March 27-29 and Ferraduel variety that bloomed between March 29-31, and the latest flowering was observed between March 30 - April 02 in Lauranne variety. The hard-shelled yields per acre of almond varieties in 2023 and 2024; the highest was determined as 546,5 – 688,3 kg in the Ferraduel variety, followed by Ferragnes (428,5 – 601,9 kg), Texas (397,0 – 441,3 kg) and Lauranne (400,8 – 431,4 kg) varieties, and the lowest yield was taken from the Drake variety as 318,4 – 355,8 kg. The internal fruit yields per acre of almond varieties in 2023 and 2024 were determined as 154,0 – 212,9 kg in the Ferraduel variety, followed by Ferragnes (140,3 – 208,7 kg), Texas (147,9 – 175,9 kg) and Lauranne (123,4 – 149,8 kg) varieties, and the lowest yield was taken from the Drake variety as 118,0 – 142,6 kg. It has been determined that late flowering Ferraduel and Ferragnes varieties have high fruit and internal yields. It has been determined that high yields can be obtained if Ferraduel variety is used as the main variety and Ferragnes variety is used as the pollinator variety in case of establishing an almond garden in Siirt region.