Evaluation of the Syrian civil war in terms of political geography

In 2011, protests broke out in Syria. These protests are part of a broader wave of protests in the Arab world (the so-called Arab Spring). The reason for the protests in Syria was discontent with the Assad government. Assad's government imprisoned a group of children in Daraa Governorate, because they wrote slogans against Assad on the walls of their schools. The Assad government rejected the people's demands to release these children. As a result, large demonstrations were organized in the city of Daraa. These demonstrations were met with gunfire from Syrian regime forces. As a result of the shooting by regime forces, there were deaths and injuries among the demonstrators. This led to the outbreak of protests across Syria. Syrian regime forces faced these protests with repression, killing, torture, and arrests. As a result of these criminal acts carried out by Assad's forces, the protests turned into an armed conflict. This armed conflict is known as the Syrian Civil War between the forces of Bashar al-Assad's regime and armed opposition groups. The importance of this study stems from the fact that it focuses on the importance of the Syrian location from a geopolitical standpoint. This strategic location of Syria is the reason for the invasion of Syria by many ancient civilizations (Babylonians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Romans). At the same time, this strategic location of Syria is the reason for the continuation of the Syrian civil war. Because of the importance of the Syrian location, the Syrian civil war involved international and regional parties (for example: Russia, the United States, Turkey, and Iran). Each of these countries militarily supports a local group in Syria. Syria is divided into areas of military control on this basis. Because each of these regions is controlled by a local group supported by one of these countries. Each of these countries wants to achieve geopolitical interests and goals in the Syrian regions. These goals are far from the aspirations and hopes of the Syrian people for freedom and democracy. This is why the Syrian civil war continues. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the Syrian Civil War in terms of geopolitics. In addition, explaining the reasons for international intervention in Syria and evaluating the goals of these countries in Syria from the point of view of geopolitics. In addition, a proposal for possible scenarios for a solution in Syria based on the situation on the ground. In this study, a group of books, articles, and newspapers were relied upon as references. The ArcGIS 10.7.1 program was relied upon to produce the maps.