The effect of the community of inquiry model based flipped learning approach to the development of students' critical thinking and presence

Considering the lack of interaction and feedback process of the pre-class component of the flipped learning approach, in this research this component was designed with the Community of Inquiry Model and an e-learning environment was developed in line with the model's theoretical framework. The aim of the study was to determine the working and failing aspects of this learning approach by revealing the effects of this learning approach on students' development of critical thinking strategies and presences, and the similarities and differences in the experiences of students with different basic motivation resources. In this study, in which convergent parallel design was used, the study group consisted of 35 undergraduate students studying at a state university. In the quantitative step of the research, the time series design, which is one of the quasi-experimental research methods, was used and the data were collected through scales and forum posts. In the qualitative step of the study, the case study was used, and the data were obtained through the interview form developed by the researcher. The implementation process of the research lasted for 15 weeks. The results of the study revealed that it is possible to eliminate the lack of the interaction and feedback processes, and to develop students' critical thinking strategies and their perceptions of teaching, social and cognitive presences, by designing the pre-class component of the flipped learning approach with the framework of the Community of Inquiry Model. In addition, it was revealed that the critical thinking strategy had a positive and high-level relationship with the perception of the community of inquiry, and this variable explained 60% of the variance in the perception of the community of inquiry. In this learning approach, it has been determined that the learning experiences of students with different basic motivation sources differ. In line with the findings of the study, suggestions for future research are given.