Experimental and theoretical study of mechanical effect in cleaning process by spraying method

Cleaning is the process of using water and detergent to remove soil, rust stains or other deposits from surfaces. The main parameters that influence the cleaning performance are chemicals, water temperature, cleaning time and mechanical impact on the surfaces. This thesis is related with literature survey of these factors, and experimental and theoretical study of mechanical impact of cleaning processes. A water jet test apparatus was used to measure the force, generated by a jet of water as it strikes the surface under various experimental conditions. Measured values were between 0.09 and 0.49 N, these were a function of flow rates, angle of impact surface, distance from nozzle to impact surface and cross-sectional area of nozzle. The results showed that the higher flow rate provides a greater impact force with the same nozzle. If the cross-sectional areas of nozzles increase, the water jet impact forces decrease on similar flow rate values. For same experimental conditions, the jet impact force increases with angle of impact surfaces, reaches a maximum value on 90º. The most effective parameter on force was impact of flow rate. As a result of tests, effectiveness of impact of flow rates were 58,9%, effectiveness of cross-sectional areas of nozzles were 21,3% and effectiveness of angle of impact surfaces were 14,7%. The remaining effectiveness of impacts was double and triple interactions. The impact of distance from nozzle to surface had limited effect on the jet force. Theoretical calculations were done according to the principle of conservation of linear momentum and they were compared with the experimental results.