Sure detection of hepatitis B virus infections by serological and molecular methods in hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city-Iraq

Hepatitis "B" is one most frequent causes of chronic hepatitis diseases in the world. The study was conducted in "Iraq-Kirkuk", over a period of time (1october th 2021 to 31 march th, 2022) for molecular determination of viral load of hepatitis B virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in hemodialysis patients and determine the relation of level of IL-6 and liver function tests in those patients through the enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) technique. The study included "172" patients with chronic renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis. Their ages ranged between (25 - 75) years. The study included "20" healthy control subjects who did not appear to have any disease whose age were between (25-50) years who "Kirkuk's" main blood bank was visited for blood donation (healthy individuals). A vein puncture used to collect "5 mL" of blood. For "HBV" viral load determination and a serological testing for detection specific of "HBV-antibodies", "IL-6" tests using (ELISA) technique and biochemical tests for assessment of determine the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin (TSB). Found hemodialysis (HD) patients had the highest rate of "HBV", infection while no one in the control group was infected with "HBV" the study demonstrated that all patients with acute hepatitis "B" had "anti-HBcIgM, HBsAg", but rate of the few them had "anti-HBsAb", while (92.6%) of patients with chronic hepatitis "B" had "HBsAg", followed by (85.2%) of them with "anti-HBc IgG", (53.7%) of them had the "anti-HBsAb". (81.99%) of "HD" patients who were positive, (ELISA) results confirmed by (PCR). In addition, no anyone hemodialysis (HD) patients with negative ELISA and the control group were positive by (PCR) and the highest rate of patients with hepatitis (HBV). The current study demonstrated that's highest mean level "IL-6; ALP; AST; ALT; TSB" the detected on hemodialysis (HD) patients, with (HBV) infection when compared to Patients who do not have (HBV) infection and the lowest level was founded in the control group. The study showed that the highest mean of IL-6 level was observed in patients with acute hepatitis B (25.04 pg/mL) who were detected by (PCR), the average high of IL-6 level was detected with chronic hepatitis B (31.34 pg/mL) comparing with patients important related control group. The present of study, show the high means of ALT and AST founded in patients with acute hepatitis B then followed those patients' chronic hepatitis B compared with control group. In the current study revealed that the lowest mean of viral load was found in hemodialysis patients without fibrosis (21685.3 IU/mL) then followed patients first stage of fibrosis with highest mean of viral load was recorded in hemodialysis patients with cirrhosis (6485339.6) in (stage 4). It concluded that the viral loads of hepatitis B were elevated more frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis B than in acute hepatitis B in Kirkuk city.