Analysis of Syrian migration in terms of integration in Duhok city

In 2011, millions of people were forced to migrate due to the civil war in Syria. Due to the proximity of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to Syria and the government's "open door policy", many Syrians sought refuge in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Border cities, especially the city of Dohuk, have been affected by this migration. From this point of view, this study aims to understand the social and economic impacts of Syrians on the city of Dohuk. In this study, quantitative research method was used predominantly, but qualitative research method was also used occasionally. Within the scope of the research, a field study was conducted in the city of Dohuk between September and October 2022. In the field study, the survey technique was used as a quantitative research technique. In addition, two focus group discussions, field observations and face-to-face interviews were conducted as qualitative research techniques. In the field research, a total of 250 participants, 125 from people of Dohuk and 125 from Syrians, were surveyed. The data obtained from the questionnaires were digitized through the EXCEL program and transferred to ARGIS and SPSS programs. The data were transformed into thematic maps through ARGIS and subjected to descriptive and Chi Square analyses through SPSS. Based on the data obtained, it is understood that despite some similarities between Syrians and Duhok residents, Syrians face difficulties due to economic, social and cultural differences. The mass Syrian migration increased the economically active population of Dohuk by 3%-5%, leading to a 5%-8% decline in real hourly wages. Syrian workers show higher social skills (mean 4.56), which has a high economic impact (mean 4.16). Job competition between Syrians and local youth is also notable, with an average of 4.54. As a result, local integration and voluntary repatriation are not practical due to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq not having signed the Refugee Convention and inadequate local legislation. Security concerns and lack of development hinder voluntary return to Syria. Therefore, our data suggests that resettlement is the preferred solution for most Syrians.