The main problems experienced by mothers and fathers who are single parents over parenting and gender roles: A qualitative study

This study is a qualitative research project designed to explore the fundamental challenges that single mothers and fathers face regarding parenting and gender roles. The participants of the study consisted of nine mothers and nine fathers, all of whom are divorced and have children. For data collection, the researcher used a "Demographic Information Form" and a "Semi-Structured Interview Form" prepared specifically for the study. Data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings were presented in terms of demographic variables, main themes, main codes, and sub-codes. The perspectives on core issues related to parenting and gender roles among single mothers and fathers were grouped into two main themes, five main codes, and 97 sub-codes. Within the "Perspectives on Single Parenthood" theme, sub-themes such as "Roles and Responsibilities" and "Advantages and Disadvantages of Single Parenthood" were examined. The advantages and disadvantages of single parenthood were classified as psychological, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions through sub-codes. The primary theme covering single parents' gender role-related challenges included codes such as "Advantages of Being a Parent with Children," "Disadvantages of Being a Parent with Children," activities conducted with children, limitations imposed by single parenthood in balancing gender roles and social activities, and "Attitudes and Behaviors from Close Contacts," along with "Methods for Coping and Prevention." The analysis of all qualitative data indicated that single parents attempt to fulfill their responsibilities towards their children by adopting multiple roles, such as "mother, father, friend, teacher, and supporter." Additionally, single parents were found to assume several responsibilities alone, such as "childcare, household chores, financial support, protection, and serving as role models." When examining the challenges associated with gender roles, single mothers and fathers were observed to encounter both "positive and negative behaviors" from their social circles. Due to these social attitudes, single parents were reported to display a tendency to "restrict their social activities" and to avoid settings where couples are present. Keywords: Family, single parenthood, female/male, gender roles.