Investigation of the relationship between Pulse Wave Velocity, cardiovascular disease risk and Viscereal Adiposity Index and trimethylamin n–oxide levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Atherosclerosis progresses rapidly in diabetic patients, and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes are associated with coronary heart disease. Increased values of Pulse Wave Velocity, defined as the speed of movement of the artery wall along the vessel, have been indicated as an early indicator of the atherosclerotic process, emerging earlier than classical symptoms and signs. Arterial stiffness measured by Pulse Wave Velocity is an independent determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (OxLDL), Homocysteine, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, Framingham, SCORE, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Visceral Adiposity Index in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Our study included 36 type 2 diabetic patients aged 40-65 and a control group consisting of 36 healthy individuals. Framingham, SCORE, and Visceral Adiposity Index values were calculated for all patients and control group members. TMAO, OxLDL, Homocysteine, and LPS levels were measured using the ELISA method. Pulse Wave Velocity was 8.46±1.7 in the type 2 diabetic patient group and 6.94±0.6 in healthy individuals, and the difference was found to be significant (p<0.01). Framingham and SCORE risk values were found to be higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to normal individuals, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). TMAO, Homocysteine, OxLDL, and LPS levels were found to be increased in type 2 diabetic patients compared to normal individuals, but this increase was not significant (p>0.05). There was a positive and significant relationship between Framingham and SCORE (r = 0.534, p<0.01). Additionally, moderate positive and significant relationships were found between TMAO and homocysteine (r = 0.602) and OxLDL (r = 0.432) (p<0.01 - p<0.05). Furthermore, in type 2 diabetic males, there was a statistically significant relationship between Visceral Adiposity Index and TMAO and OxLDL levels (p<0.05, r = 0.451 - r = 0.433). In conclusion, a close relationship was demonstrated between Framingham and SCORE risk assessments and Visceral Adiposity Index and Pulse Wave Velocity with TMAO and OxLDL measurements in type 2 diabetics.