Metastatic and thyroid cancer investigation of isthmin-1 immunereactivity in non-metastatic series

Thyroid cancer is a malignancy that is commonly seen worldwide, with approximately 600,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Thyroid cancer, which has one of the fastest increasing incidence rates among cancer types, generally has a good prognosis; however, some aggressive forms can cause significant health issues. The identification of new molecular targets and etiological mechanisms in cancer may contribute significantly to early diagnosis, reduced mortality, improved prognosis, and the development of new therapeutic strategies. In our study, we investigated the diagnostic value of Isthmin-1 (ISM1), a molecule that plays a significant role in apoptosis and angiogenesis mechanisms and has recently been examined in cancer research, in thyroid cancer. The data were obtained by retrospectively reviewing electronic records from the hospital database. A total of 61 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy between 2015 and 2021 at the General Surgery Department of Fırat University Hospital were included in our research. The patients were divided into three groups: nodular goiter (control group), papillary thyroid carcinoma, and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. These specimens were obtained from the Department of Pathology laboratory and subjected to histopathological evaluation in the Histology Department laboratory to investigate Isthmin-1 immunoreactivity. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22 program, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our results suggest that Isthmin-1, as a newly identified molecule, plays critical roles in various biological processes. However, the physiological function of Isthmin-1 has not yet been fully elucidated, and further research is needed to better understand its role in biological processes. In our study, immunohistochemical staining for the determination of Isthmin-1 immunoreactivity, analyzed via light microscopy, revealed a significant increase in Isthmin-1 immunoreactivity in thyroid cancer and metastatic thyroid cancer compared to the control group. Keywords: Thyroid Cancer, Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Isthmin-1