Comparison of quantitative risk assessment methods in tunnel formwork systems: A case study of a construction site in Erzincan province

Tunnel formwork systems are used in the construction industry as an important technology that provides fast and efficient building construction. This study evaluates the occupational health and safety risks encountered in tunnel formwork systems within the scope of a construction project carried out in Erzincan province. In tunnel formwork systems used in construction activities, hazards such as falling from height, compression and crushing, noise and vibration, falling from shaft cavities, electric shock, electrical cables under heavy materials, crane operator errors, chemical exposure, ergonomic risks, insufficient lighting and fire were identified. Fine-Kinney and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methods were used to assess these risks. According to the results of the risk analysis, the risk of falling during working at height was evaluated with 189 risk priority number (RPN) according to the FMEA method and 1440 risk score according to the Fine-Kinney method. The risk of pinching and crushing in confined spaces was determined with a risk score of 192 RPN in FMEA and 1440 in Fine-Kinney. Noise and vibration risk was analysed with a risk score of 224 RPN in FMEA and 1680 in Fine-Kinney, and the risk of falling through shaft gaps was analysed with a risk score of 240 RPN in FMEA and 1920 in Fine-Kinney. The risk of electric shock was 189 RPN in FMEA and 1680 risk score in Fine-Kinney, and the risk of cables under heavy materials was 192 RPN in FMEA and 1440 risk score in Fine-Kinney. Crane operator errors, chemical exposure, ergonomic risks, inadequate lighting and fire risks were similarly assessed and it was observed that the risks were significantly reduced by both methods. Measures taken include increased training programmes, use of personal protective equipment, regular inspections and emergency plans.